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The Value of Mahayana Buddhism Today
楊老師 Professor Yang,
各位同學 各位居士 大家好 classmates, and laity. Hello everyone.
那我們今天呢 第二次再見面 Today is the second time that we are meeting.
應該是第二次嘛 第二次再見面 It is the second time, right?
那同學呢 已經有交那個作業 Classmates have already turned in your homework.
那老師昨天剛好到寺裡去 Yesterday your teacher happened to come by the temple
他拿給我看了一下 and he showed the homework to me.
我很仔細的這樣看了 I took a good look at it.
極大部分的同學他都 Most of the classmates have their own,
他都有他獨立的思考 independent thinking.
我想這是做為一個成大的知識份子 I think that as a Cheng Kung University intellectual
本來就應該要這樣子 you need to be like that.
學佛並不是相信任何的既定的權威 Learning to be a Buddha is not believing in any fixed supreme being,
或者你想像中的權威 or any perceived higher power,
然後你失去你的自我思考 so that you relinquish your free will.
何以故? And why is that?
並不是因為有誰說不能這樣 It isn't because someone said that we cannot,
因為如果有一個人這樣跟你講說 because if someone said that you can't believe,
「不能這樣」 (that you cannot)
那 那個人也是權威啊 Well if so, then that person is also omnipotent.
你為什麼要相信他?對不對 Why would you want to believe him? Right?
所以我在想 So I think,
佛教很重要的一個核心觀念 a very important core concept of Buddhism,
這個觀念不關乎... which is not at all related to...
甚至於不關乎你的宗教信仰 not even related to your religious beliefs,
那就是「因果」 is "cause and effect."
那就是說用因果的觀念來討論的話 That is to say, if we discuss it in terms of cause and effect,
它基本上是符合某一種程度的邏輯 it is basically in accord with some level of logic;
某一種 a certain level,
某一種程度 (謝謝喔) some level (Oh, thank you)
某一種程度的邏輯 some certain level of logic,
那不全然是全部的邏輯 but it isn't all just logic.
等一下我們會解釋一下 But wait, I will explain.
嗯... Um...
什麼樣子的邏輯呢 And what kind of logic?
至少在你經驗中可以選擇的邏輯 At least it is logic that you can choose from your own personal experiences.
你想... Just think...
為什麼佛陀說叫你要有 why did the Buddha tell you that you need to
保持你一定自我思考的能力 keep your ability to think for yourself?
我知道同學當中也有人小時候他就 I know that among the students here, there are those who, when young,
因為你的家庭關係 because of your family situation,
或者你所住的地方啊 or because of where you lived,
你很相信神 你很相信上帝 怎麼樣 you really believed in deities you really believed in God.Well, what about it?
這ok啊 你可以相信的 It's okay. You can believe.
可是我們也知道 But we also know that
大概你今天下午要不要 maybe this afternoon, you want
你今天中午要不要吃豆漿啊 to have some soy milk,
或者晚上要不要多吃個宵夜 or tonight you may want a snack.
我想你不會去問上帝了 呵呵 I doubt you would go and ask God, ha, ha,
因為你會自己決定的 對不對 because you'd decide for yourself. Right?
如果這個時候剛好台灣呢 Now, if at this time there happens to be in Taiwan
或者在成大這附近呢 or if around Cheng Kung University,
剛好有腸病毐很多 a lot of gastroenteritis,
你可能 嗯... you might, uh...
今天可能不要再去吃 Today, I don't think I'll go have
吃那個什麼豬腸了 chitlings or whatever.
我今天換一下 I'll have a change today;
換個什麼東西的 have something else instead.
你可能會這樣決定 You might make that kind of a decision.
這樣的決定大概 你不需要禱告才做決定 That kind of a decision you probably won't need to pray to decide.
那也不用擲筊 You also won't have to do divination,
也不用那個擲筊 toss the divination blocks.
喔 這樣 大概不用 Uh, that's how it is. You probably don't need to.
你會自己決定 ok You'd decide for yourself. OK.
再來 Next.
你看哪個女生順眼 You see a good looking girl
看哪個男生順眼 or a good looking guy.
要不要接受他的約會 Should I accept a date from him?
或者要不要去跟他約會 or should I ask him out on a date?
大概你也不會那麼嚴重的 Probably you wouldn't take it so seriously that
要去問上帝說這樣可不可以 you have to go ask God if that would be okay.
對不對 Right?
換句話說不論我們相信什麼 In other words, no matter what we believe in,
我想很多情況你會有自己的決定的 I think that in a lot of situations you will make your own decisions.
就是這個 This is what it's all about!
就是這個 This is it!
因此佛教並不否定上帝的存在 And so, Buddhism does not deny the existence of God,
但是佛教要問你的是 but what Buddhism wants to ask you is,
即便是上帝在你的生命中存在 Even though God exists in your life,
你還是有好多事情是你自己要解決的 aren't there still a lot of things that you have to decide for yourself
ok 不是嗎? Okay? Isn't that right?
這些事情 These things,
你的解決一直累積著你的解決 these solutions of yours will continuously accumulate into more solutions,
最後會發生了某一個不能解決的事 until finally a situation will occur that cannot be resolved.
常常是這樣喔 And it's often like this.
對不對 Right?
啊嗯 這個... Uh, this...
這個上上網應該沒問題 Getting on line should not be problematic,
但繼續上網繼續上網 上網到成癡 but get on line, and get on line, until you go nuts
成為一種什麼呢 and it becomes a what?
成為一種麻醉狀態的時候呢 It becomes some sort of narcosis.
美國就把上網成癮 The US has made internet addiction
作為健保給付的一個項目 an item for insurance payouts.
它已經是病了 It's already a disease,
它已經是一個病了 a sickness.
你想想看平常上網 Think about it. Normally when you get on line,
你大概不會去禱告 you probably won't pray
或者大概不會去思考 or perhaps won't even give it a second thought.
這可不可以 可不可以 Can I do it? Can I?
大概你不會 You probably won't.
但慢慢地一直累積的時候呢 But slowly, as it keeps building up,
一個小小的問題一直累積 a small problem gaining mass,
累積到後來卻居然成為一個 building up until later it unexpectedly becomes
你需要動用國家健保去治療的病 a disease that you'll need to use the national health plan to treat.
看到了沒有 You see?
還記不記得我上次來跟大家講 Do you remember the last time I came and told everyone
生命的狀樣 樣態 that the condition of life, it's process,
是由你一次一次的堆疊出來的 comes from your repeated piling up of
某一個想法 certain notions,
某一個看法 certain perceptions,
某一個念頭 or certain thoughts?
先不討論植物是不是它有生命 First let's not talk about whether or not plants are alive;
或者是不是我們意義之下的有生命 or whether or not there is a life behind our thoughts.
可是當我們一直認為 But as we continuously believe
我們是萬物之靈 that we are the wisest in all creation
我們應該對其他動物予取予求 and that we should treat animals any way we please,
這種念頭一再地被你每一天實踐著 and this idea is again and again being played out by you every day,
他累積出什麼想法? What kinds of notions are being accumulated?
他累積出什麼人性啊? What kind of humanity has been accrued?
我們不用去談太多的道德 We don't need to talk a lot of ethics.
我們就談這樣子的累積 Let's just talk about this kind of accumulation.
我們就是萬物之靈 We are the wisest in all creation.
很多同學說我們在食物鏈的上端 Many classmates said that we are at the top of the food chain.
但你保證你在最上端嗎? But are you so sure that you are at the top of the food chain?
現在有那什麼... 鋼鐵擂台啦 Now we have that... Real Steel movie.
吼 你看那個機器人 Wow! Look at that robot!
那個把人當作螞蟻在對待 It treated people like ants.
如果哪一天機器人也有這種自我意識的時候 If one day, when robots also have self-awareness,
恰巧你就在食物鏈的下游 呵呵 you would happen to be in the lower reaches of the food chain. Ha, ha!
而且你一定是他最希望打敗的對象 And you would definitely be the target that they would hope the most to defeat,
因為你最搞怪 because you are the most bothersome.
你最搞怪了 對不對 You would cause the most trouble. Right?
那個時候你就認定了 At that time you would be sure of what's coming
「你認命了」是嗎? and succumb to your fate. Right?
我們也在講人定勝天 We also talked about humankind's conquest of nature.
為什麼我們會想勝天? Why would we think about conquering nature?
因為天地不仁 Because "Heaven and Earth are heartless,
以眾生為什麼?為芻狗 treating us like what? Like straw dogs."
這是老子講的話 Lao Tzu said this.
這句話是對的話啦 This saying is correct,
但是常常會被解釋成為說 but it is often explained as
天地對人的關係 the relationship of Heaven and Earth's treatment of humankind.
你看一場洪水來 人跟螞蟻沒兩樣 Watch when a flood comes. There's no difference between people and ants.
人跟螞蟻沒兩樣 No difference between people and ants,
它才不會說你是萬物之靈 Heaven and Earth aren't going to say that you are the wisest in all creation,
我的洪水對你仁慈一點 my flood will to be a bit more merciful toward you.
看看日本才過的311大海嘯吧 Look at that huge tsunami Japan just had on March 11th.
對嗎 Right?
這個時候你覺得你認命了嗎 At such a time would you succumb to your fate?
你當然不是 Of course not.
即便你自稱為萬物之靈 Even if you call yourself the wisest in all creation,
你又能怎麼樣? what could you do about it?
你還是覺得很苦 You would still feel suffering.
你甚至於覺得天地真的太不仁了 對吧? You might even sense that Heaven and Earth are really too callous. Right?
是的 所以我們只是將心比心 Yes. So you are judging another's feelings by your own.
不要用太多的想像 You don't need too much imagination
跟你自己定義出來的叫做食物鏈 to figure out what it's like in what you define as the food chain
以豬、狗、貓、羊、熊 to be a pig, dog, cat, goat, or bear.
剛剛老師講的那個熊 Your teacher was just talking about a bear.
牠只是無能反抗而已呀 It was only incapable of defending itself.
牠牠... It, it...
是誰定義叫做食物鏈的 對不對? Who defined this thing called the food chain, right?
沒有錯 你會認為說 True. You might say,
嗯 上帝可能特別鐘愛我 uh, God probably especially favors me
因此讓我在食物鏈的極頂端 so he let me be at the very top of the food chain.
可以的 That's okay.
但是上帝如果這麼不公平的 But if God is really this unfair,
只是給你這樣 and does this only for you,
然後說因為我創造你可以統治一切 and then says "Because I created you to dominate everything."
那 哪一天你要遇到了 Then, on one day if you come up against
也能統治你的同類的話 one of your own kind that can dominate you,
你就不要哀了喔 you shouldn't lament.
你的老闆 對不對? Your boss, right?
你的老闆也能統治你喔 your boss is also at the top of the food chain.
只因為你要為了你的生活所需 only because you let him, because you want to satisfy your daily needs.
對不對? Right?
你得要為五斗米折腰的時候 There are times when you have to kow-tow for your daily bread,
他也能統治你喔 then he can dominate you saying,
你來跟我講什麼道理? "How dare you try and reason with me?"
如果你去吃一隻豬的腿 砍牠的腿 If you go to eat a pig's leg; chop off its leg;
透過講道理牠願意捐一根腿給你 would it be willing to donate its leg to you after you reason with it?
那你就跟你的老闆講道理好了 If it works, then you can go and reason with your boss too.
對不對? Right?
如果可以這樣的話 If it works,
你去要那根豬的腿 go ask for that pig's leg,
只是因為你在食物鏈的上方 because you are at the top of the food chain.
對不起 Sorry.
在人類的分工社會裡頭 In human society with its division of labor,
你的老闆也在食物鏈的上方啊 your boss is also at the top of the food chain.
諸位 所以說啊 Ladies and gentlemen, this is to say that,
我們不能夠用自己定義的想像的價值 we cannot place our own definition of imagined values
來放諸一切眾生的身上 upon every sentient being.
這個其實最終害了自己 In fact, in the end we will be hurting ourselves.
你也解釋不了你自己的生活方式 You can't explain away our lifestyle.
你看 很多人喔 Look, a lot of people,
現在的人很懂得 People today really know how
保護自己不要隨便去愛 to protect themselves, and not just love anyone.
誰愛誰多了誰就受傷 你懂嗎? Who loves whom the most, gets hurt the most. You understand?
我愛你比較多 我就得聽你的 I love you more than you love me so I'll do whatever you say.
我愛你比較多 你愛我比較少 I love you more; you love me less,
是我在追你的 這個時候呢 so I am chasing you. At such times,
我得要放棄某一種程度 I have to relinquish a certain degree
我的自尊 of my self-respect,
我的想像 my fantasy,
我的身份 my status,
因為我要追你 對吧? because I want to chase you, right?
那個時候在愛情的食物鏈當中 On the food chain of love at that time,
你就屬於下層 you are at the lower end.
在某個意義上就是這樣 And in a certain sense that is how it is.
那你覺得這樣完全合理嗎? Now,do you feel that this is entirely fair?
好像你覺得合理 It seems that you feel it is reasonable,
是因為其實在這個食物鏈當中 because in fact on this food chain,
你也在某個意義上你得到你要的啊 in a way, you are getting what you want
所以你願意嘛 是不是? so you are willing, right?
如果純然只是付出 毫無獲得回來 If you are purely paying out and getting back nothing in return,
你願意付出嗎? would you be willing to pay out?
在這種食物鏈就太不平等了 On a food chain like that which is too unfair,
你就不願意 你寧可離開 對不對? you would be unwilling; you'd rather leave. Right?
所以遇到劈腿 你就怎麼? So when you get cheated on, you just...
走人了 是不是啊 walk out. Right?
然後在網路上說:那是賤人 Then on the internet say, "She's a ***!"
我們當然要離開 Of course we have to walk out.
為該放棄的而不放棄那是愚蠢 To not let go of what we should let go of is just plain dumb.
網路上好多這種話 There's a lot of talk like this on the Internet,
大家都按讚!讚! and everybody hits, Like! Like!
呵呵 對不對? Ha, ha, right?
為什麼呢 為什麼? But why? Why?
因為你知道的 Because you know,
食物鍵就算它看起來有高低 even if a food chain appears to have a higher and a lower,
也一定要某種balance there must be some kind of balance.
可是牛有嗎? But does it balance out for cows?
剛剛講的那隻黑熊有嗎? Does it balance out for that black bear, which we just talked about?
沒有 No.
你號稱你是萬物之靈 You are yourself the wisest in all creation
萬物之靈就是這樣子 and that is how it is for the wisest in all creation,
去欺騙 去宰殺其他動物 deceiving and killing the other animals.
然後你自認為那就是 And then you impose your own beliefs by saying that this is just the way it is;
那就是因為天地本來就這樣 this is the way of Heaven and Earth.
沒有啊 No it isn't.
我吃素從成大二年級開始 I became a vegetarian in sophomore year at Chunggong University;
二年級上學期中我就開始吃素 I started during the first semester of sophomore year
吃到現在啊 and I've been vegetarian ever since.
你看我比較瘦弱一點嗎? Do I look a little thin and weak?
有嗎? Do I?
我晚上沒吃 I don't eat dinner.
我今天早上也沒吃 I didn't eat this morning, either.
你看我比較瘦弱 孱弱一點嗎? Do I look thin and frail, a little puny to you?
有嗎? Do I?
因為你是師父啦 "That's because you're a monk" you say.
沒有啊 No it's not!
我是師父 不是天生是師父啊 I'm a monk now, but I wasn't born a monk.
我當兵就在吃素了啊 I was vegetarian during military service, too.
我們當兵 那個時候當兵很累 When we were in military service!Military service back then was exhausting.
還要打靶 And we had to do target practice,
還要五百公尺 and had to run 500 meters
背那個二十五公斤 carrying 25 kilos
不夠重還要裝石頭 and if it weren't heavy enough we had to put stones in it.
然後呢 跑五百障礙 And then, run a 500 meter obstacle course.
這樣子 It was like that.
我到現在我住在六樓 I've been living on the sixth floor.
我上六樓我可以用半跑的 I can trot up the six flights.
我從來走樓梯 我這個人性急 I've always taken the stairs. I'm an impatient person.
我從來走樓梯不會走一階一階的 I never walk up them one step at a time.
我從來都是走二階二階的 I always walk up two steps at a time
我也不會覺得怎麼樣啊 and think nothing of it.
諸位 So everybody,
所以說 沒有動物性蛋白質 this is to say that without animal protein
身體夠強壯嗎? the body is still strong enough.
嗯 Hmm...
我不知道你強壯的定義是什麼 I don't know what your definition of strength is.
如果叫我去跟什麼... If you tell me to go and what?...
王健民比丟那個什麼 丟棒球 To go pitch what against that Chien-Ming *** ... pitch baseballs.
當然我沒有他強壯啦 Of course I wouldn't be stronger than him.
但是讓你過日子 But for your everyday life,
讓你面對自己 夠的 but for yourself, it's enough!
是這樣的 懂嗎? That's how it is. Get it?
諸位 So everybody,
所以大乘佛教跟佛教到底有什麼不同 what after all, is the difference between Mahayana Buddhism and Buddhism?
一樣 They're the same.
可是呢 But,
今天我們要理解的就是說 what we need to understand today is
大乘佛教給你一個更開闊的心量 that Mahayana Buddhism gives you a broader mind,
那就是讓你 and that's what makes you
你之所以是人 what you are...human.
並且你也可以相信 Moreover, you can believe in what you want to
你要相信的 believe in
可是請注意二個原則 But please note these two principles
第一 因果的合理性原則 First, the principle that cause and effect are rational
第二 不傷害眾生的原則 Second, the principle of not harming sentient beings
或者我們可以再補充一個 Or we can add another one
不傷害眾生應該更進一步地講就是說 Not harming sentient beings should go further by saying
為眾生謀取最大福利的這個原則 the principle of striving for their greatest well-being
這就是大乘 This is Mahayana
那麼所謂的佛教 它難道不都是這樣嗎? Could it be possible that what is called Buddhism isn't like this?
欸... Oh...
佛教有一部份的教義是容許你 A part of Buddhist teachings permits you
只為自己謀安穩 to just seek a serene life for yourself
他的想法是 The thinking is that
只要每一個人都負責任 as long as every individual is responsible
為自己謀求安穩的話 strives for a serene life for oneself
這個世間也就不需要誰來救誰 there would be no need in this world for someone to have to rescue somebody else.
每一個人都安穩了 Everyone would be secure
這個叫做小乘 This is called Theravada
可是我們知道 But we know that
有時候人需要被拉一把的 sometimes people need a helping hand
我覺得同學當中有一位 I feel that among the classmates here one
他提得很有意思 mentioned something very interesting
他說 佛教也很好 He said that Buddhism is good too
可是我信我的上帝也不錯 but it's also not bad for me to believe in my God
何以故?因為遇到問題的時候 And why? Because when I meet up with a problem
去找一個人來order一下他 幫我忙 I have someone I can order to help me.
搞不好會比較快一點 Maybe it will be even faster
那所以佛教很好啦 So, Buddhism is very good
但我也信我的上帝 but I also believe in my God
對的 Right !
你如果這樣叫ok的話 If you are okay with this
在佛教的立場來說 ok from the Buddhist standpoint it is okay
可是我剛剛說了 But as I just said
你不可能什麼事情都祈求上帝 it's not possible for you to pray to God about everything
恰恰好你上網這件事情 Just like your getting on line
大概也不用上帝同意 你就會上網 You probably will just get on line without God's consent
結果就會成癡、成癮 然後最後成病 Resulting in that you go batty, get addicted and finally become mentally ill
因此 Therefore
很多你覺得你可以自己決定的事情 a lot of things that you think you can decide for yourself
也會遇到了最終不能決定 in the end you find you can't resolve
你到了那個時候再來求上帝 At that time when you seek out God
搞不好會為時晚矣 it may possibly be too late by that time
最好在因的造作的時候 So, when you are about to create a cause, it is best
你就能夠把自己的做與不做呢 to take your "shoulds" and "shouldn'ts"
認識清楚 into clear consideration then and take a look at what might result.
如果是這樣的話 If you do that
那佛教對你就意義了 then Buddhism will be meaningful to you
所以照這樣講起來的話 So, according to what I just said
大乘佛法呢 does Mahayana Buddhism
或者就佛教的整個意思上來看呢 or looking at the meaning from Buddhism in its entirety
它容不容許你 does Buddhism permit you to
同時信仰上帝又信仰佛教呢 believe in God and also, simultaneously, believe in Buddhism?
當然容許 Of course it does
你說我這樣會不會不忠貞 Then you say, "but aren't I being disloyal like that?
對宗教不夠忠貞 Not being loyal enough to my religion?"
不 不會的 No. No you aren't
可是看更多的同學會問第二個問題 But take a look at the second question that even more classmates asked
那這樣的話哪個才是真理? If that's how it is, then which is the truth?
你要我選擇嗎? Do you want me to choose?
我這身衣服已經選擇了 What I am wearing is my choice
難道我還要說嗎? Need I say more?
那你說那這樣的話 Then you say,If that's how it is
為什麼你又容許信仰上帝 then why do you also permit faith in God?
因為我的雙胞胎弟弟是牧師? Is it because my twin brother is a minister?
不是因為這樣 No, that's not it
不是這個意思的 No, that isn't why
是因為佛教有一個更深廣的看法是 It is because in Buddhism there is an even deeper and broader perspective which is
人在追求真理的時候 when people are seeking the truth
他不一定一步到位 they may not get there in one step
有一種是短暫對他是真理 There is a temporary truth for them
慢慢他成長之後 他會覺得不夠了 As they gradually grow, they will feel that it's not enough
他會再往前追 They will again pursue further
也有人覺得這個真理就夠了 There will also be those who feel that this truth is enough
他不用再往前追 They have no need for further pursuit
諸位瞭解意思嗎? Do you all understand what this means?
佛教已經看到了 Buddhism has already seen
各各生命體的需求性不同 that the needs for each and every living being are different
當每一個人的生命需求 Of course when the needs in life for every individual
內在的需求不同的時候 when these internal needs are different
他會找尋不同的糧食 each will find their own different provisions
跟它真理的樣貌 for their own form of truth
來安頓他那個時候的他 to ease who they are at that time
佛教的目的 The purpose of Buddhism
並不把所有宗教都說為不夠完整 is not to see all other religions as incomplete
說它是不夠究竟 to say that they are not the ultimate
然後說所有的人都來信仰佛教吧 and then say that everyone should believe in Buddhism
佛教的出現不是這個目的的 That is not why Buddhism appeared
佛教的出現只是要帶領人們去認識 The appearance of Buddhism is merely to guide people to know
人會面臨的自己的問題 that the individual problems that people will face,
以及一起住在這個地球上的 and by living together on this earth
所有人彼此之間的問題 the mutual problems of all people
那個就是老師在跟你們講的 which is what the teacher was talking to you about,
那叫做苦 is called suffering
苦並不需要你強說苦 Suffering doesn't need you to say it is suffering
苦在你來說 Suffering, when you say it
可能你會覺得ok啊 you may possibly feel everything is okay
我今天讀書也ok啊 My studies today are fine today
感情也ok啊 my relationship is fine too
家庭經濟 my family's financial situation
嗯 我爸爸ok 呵呵 well, my daddy's okay, ha, ha
那我也跟著ok so then I'm as okay as he is
所以也還好啊 So, it's not bad
是 Right
可是你看一下吧 But take a look
你一定有你想要而要不到的 There definitely is something you want, but can't get
你一定有未來該怎麼樣還不確定的 You definitely have an idea of what your future should be like, but there's no guarantee it'll be like that.
你一定有經驗看到 You definitely have had the experience of seeing
別人正在苦 others suffering
而你也想不出什麼幫他解決方案的 but can't figure out a a way to help them get out of it.
你也有或者多或者少的經驗是 You also have the experience, to some extent
你所喜歡的 你care的人 of someone you like, or you care about
你的爸媽 你的愛人 或是什麼樣 your father or mother, your lover or whoever
他的苦你沒辦法替他解決的 suffering, and you cannot relieve them of it,
或者他正在受苦而顯然不是你的苦 or they are suffering now and it's evident that it isn't your suffering
但是你也因為你跟他的關係密切 but because you are intimately involved in them,
而你也在苦 you are suffering too
有沒有? Aren't you?
我相信你多少生命中 I believe that somehow in your life,
多少有這個經驗吧 to some extent you have had this experience,
對不對? right?
像這樣的經驗 In experiences like these,
佛教只是告訴你 人間有苦 Buddhism is just telling you: there's suffering in the human realm.
即便你沒有 你所愛的人也有 Though you may not be suffering now, those you love may be,
或者即便現在沒有 or, even if you aren't now,
未來搞不好你將會遇到有 it's possible that in the future you will meet up with it
那這個時候佛教指示了一套 And it is at that time that Buddhism points out a series
面對這個苦的方法 of methods for confronting this suffering
好吧 現在你沒有 Alright! You're not suffering now,
但是你總可以把這方法放在口袋裡 but you can always put these methods in your pocket
將來可用 to use in the future
或者可以拿來幫助別人啊 Or you can take them out to help someone else
他可以用 He can use it
ok Okay
除非你認為人間真的毫無苦 Unless you think that there really isn't the least bit of suffering in the human realm,
也不需要這個方法 and there is no need for these methods,
那當然佛教就ending了 then of course Buddhism will come to its end.
就不需要了 It would not be needed.
但事實不可能 But in fact that is impossible
我想老師所說的《四聖諦》 I think that the Four Noble Truths which the teacher just talked about
解釋的佛教說的《四聖諦》 to explain the Four Noble Truths that Buddhism speaks of,
它那個苦諦的概念 it's concept of the Truth of Suffering
是基於這樣子的想法 is based upon this kind of thinking
他並不是要你 跟你說 It doesn't want you to, isn't telling you to
相信我吧 你現在是苦的 believe me, you're suffering now
不是這個意思 That's not what it means
懂嗎? Do you understand?
他不是要你做這樣的動作 It doesn't want you to do something like this
他只是要你很客觀的檢查一下 It just wants you to make a very objective examination
譬如說 這堂課是營養學分 Say for example This is a Mickey Mouse class for credits
但是楊主任呢 But Chairman Yang
說如果太過份了都不來的話 he said, if I don't take it seriously and don't come to any class at all,
他還是要砍掉我 he'd flunk me
那這樣的話 這營養學分沒拿到 and then I won't get these Mickey Mouse credits
這又不行 少了一個學分 That won't work, I'll be short a credit
但是呢 But
明明我昨天上網上得太晚了 I really was on line till late last night;
後天就是要小考試了 day after tomorrow is a quiz;
唉呀 還是得帶著課本 oh, I'd better take my textbook
去上這門宗教哲學的課 to my Philosophy of Religion class
那又不能坐得太明顯 I'd better not sit somewhere he can see me,
只好坐在卡卡角 better sit back in the corner.
喔 不是喔 我不是講你 Aye...no! I'm not talking about you,
某人啦 譬如假設這樣 just somebody We're just supposing this happens.
然後呢 又要聽又不想聽 Well, I want to listen, but then again I don't,
因為我實在... 老師你講得很好 because I honestly..., teacher you teach so well...,
不過不好意思 我後天要考試 exam the day after tomorrow
這算不算苦呢 Would you consider this suffering?
呵呵 Heh, heh
你可以說那不苦 那只是好玩而已 You can say that it's not suffering; it's just fun
也可以 但你看看 You can say that, but look
你的人生就會有這樣子的嘛 there will be things like this in your life
就會有面臨欲望跟責任 You will face desire and responsibility
這當中你先選擇欲望 and when you do, you'll first choose desire,
然後再來不太漂亮地面對責任 then you'll face up to responsibility, but not very well
然後呢 And then,
再用另外的方法掩飾一下 you'll use another way to conceal
那個責任沒有盡得很好的現實 the fact that you didn't do your best
然後就這樣 人生就遮遮掩掩過去了 And that's the way it goes. Life passes by on cover-ups
有沒有? Doesn't it?
你經歷過嗎? Have you experienced this?
是不是? Right?
所以說像這一類的 So, do you consider situations like this
你說他算不算苦 to be suffering?
你也可以說no care啊 You can say, "I don't care.."
沒關係啊 "It doesn't matter."
對啊 沒關係啊 That's right, it doesn't matter
是可以啊 It is fine
但是當旁邊的人跟你講說 But when the person next to you says,
你現在的沒關係 "Your 'no problem' today
正好會堆疊成未來生命的苦惱相 is just enough to pile up into tomorrow's anguish,"
搞不好你就不能不仔細聽一聽了 maybe then you'll listen carefully
對不對?你現在儘管打混嘛 Right? Now you feel free to goof off
將來出去的時候 But in the future when you step into the world,
人家會的你不會 and you can't do what others can
那同樣地從成大畢業 Like you, they graduated from Cheng Kung University,
那結果呢 but the result is,
一樣的東西送上去了 they send out the same resumes,
結果 嗯... but the result is...
你應徵不能成功 是不是? ...your application isn't successful. Right?
那這個時候 至少你顏面不能掛住 That's when, the least that could happen is, you'll lose face.
那算不算苦呢? Is that considered suffering?
所以苦不必要我刻意強調定義給你 So there's no need for me to deliberately define suffering for you,
或者我一直迷惑你說 or incessantly puzzle you saying,
有苦啦 有苦啦 真的有苦啦 you're suffering, you're suffering, you are really suffering.
不必這樣 It's not necessary
佛教講苦只是告訴你 Buddhism talks about suffering just to tell you
一些條件標準跟存在的現實 its conditions, criterion, and the fact that it exists
然後問你說 And then it asks you to
用我這一套標準你自我檢查看看 use this set of standards to examine yourself and look for yourself
它是不是有不安穩相 Is there anything you'd call unsettling?
有逼迫相 That you'd call intimidating?
有危機相 Or a crisis?
有沒有 Is there?
如果有 If there is,
我們佛教給一個假名稱叫做苦 Buddhism gives it a name called suffering
你也可以說它叫做不愉快 You can also call it not being happy
你也可以說它叫做逼迫 You can also call it pressure
你也可以說它叫做暫時的不快樂 You can call it temporary unhappiness
你也可以這樣 You can do that
你也可以這樣子定義這個名稱 You can define it like this
可以的 You can
但佛教只是要你正視人間 But Buddhism only wants you to look squarely at the human realm
好了 佛教算不算消極? Okay. Should we then consider Buddhism pessimistic?
佛教算不算消極? Is Buddhism pessimistic?
一個已經生病的人 A person who is already sick,
然後醫生跟他講說 has a doctor say to him
喔 你有病了 現在回去的話 "Oh, you're sick. When you go home,
那個什麼燥性的食物不能吃 you cannot eat anything that causes internal heat,
因為你的直腸有癌症病變的可能 because there's probably cancer lesions in your bowels
那個什麼醬料啦 燒烤最好不要吃 so it's best to avoid eating condiments and barbecued foods."
吼 醫生你這個人真是沒良心 Doctor, you are really heartless
人生這麼好 燒烤這麼好吃 Life is so wonderful, barbecue is so delicious,
那麼自在的飲食 eating and drinking with abandon,
你為什麼這麼悲觀 告訴我這樣子 why are you so pessimistic talking to me like this?
別人不是都在吃嗎? Isn't everybody else eating this
為什麼我就不能吃? Then why not me?
醫生當然只能跟你講說 Of course the doctor can only tell you
因為你已經有這種病變了啊 that because you already have this medical problem
我只好告訴你 面臨這個病變 it's best that you when facing such an illness
你最好的處理方法是這樣 the best way to deal with it is like this
我想佛教只是這個意思 I think this is what Buddhism does
佛教講人間有苦是指的說 Buddhism says there is suffering in the human realm to point out
你已經發生了這個現實 這個逼迫相 that you have already discovered this reality, this pressure
那我告訴你 你要看到它 Now let me tell you, you need to see it
然後用我教導你的方法解決 and then use the methods I taught to resolve it
佛教只是這個目的而已 That's the sole purpose of Buddhism
它並沒有要醜化人間 It doesn't want to make the human realm ugly,
或者告訴你 or tell you,
告訴你吧 活著沒什麼意思 Let me tell you... life is meaningless
過那種學生的生活 Doesn't the student life
最後還不是給一個老闆請去 just lead to some boss hiring you,
朝九晚五或者是為了科技拚命 doing the 9 to 5, or working desperately in technology,
然後每天爆肝 killing yourself every day?
來出家吧 出家好 Come leave the home life! It's great to a monk
它完全沒這個目的 That is not at all its intention
有一個同學他提到了說 One classmate mentioned
有個師父跟他回答說 that a monk said to him,
因為人間沒什麼多大的價值了 "Since there's no real value to the human realm,
所以只有出家才是好的 so the best thing to do is become a monk."
這個回答 This answer,
不曉得是他的老師怎麼教的啦 don't know how this monk instructs,
這個是非常不恰當 but this is very inappropriate.
對年輕人不恰當的解釋方法 It's an inappropriate explanation for young people.
我的出家才不是因為 I didn't become a monk because,
才不是因為人間不好 not because the the human realm's no good.
完全不是這樣 That's not at all why.
我當年讀成大的時候 That year when I was studying at Cheng Kung University,
第一個 我是第三志願來上成大 Cheng Kung was my third choice of universities.
我只填了七個志願 I only filled in seven choices for majors.
六個是三個物理 三個數學 For six of them I chose three for physics and three for math.
當然就是台、清、交嘛 Of course they were Taiwan, Tsing Hua, and Chiao Tung University,
這樣 類似這樣 like that; something like that.
交大 我都沒填 I didn't write in Chiao Tung University.
台(大) 清(大) 成(大) Taiwan, Tsing Hua and Cheng Kung.
那三個物理系 三個數學系 Those three's physics and math departments.
最後墊一個不要講出來的私立學校 The last I padded it with a private school that I don't want to mention,
讓我不要沒有名稱 so that it wouldn't be left blank;
我就填了七個志願 So I filled in seven choices,
那我以第三志願進到成大 and I got into my third choice, Cheng Kung.
是這樣 And that's it.
我覺得很ok啊 I think it's okay.
然後... And then...,
我讀書的時候也去家教啦 while studying, I tutored as well,
當然也有女朋友 ok 很好啊 and of course I also had a girlfriend, okay. It was fine.
可是我就在這些快樂安穩當中 But amidst this happiness and security,
我覺得那我的人生 I thought, "Well what about my life?
以我這號人物 For a character like me,
我將來要過什麼生活 what sort of life should I lead in the future?"
我開始問這個問題了 I started to ask this question.
然後我想 欸...應該就是這樣 And then I thought, eh, eh, it should be like this:
就對一個女生負責到底 Be responsible for some woman right to the end.
然後這樣 And then
然後也對自己的工作 for my job,
找一份安穩的工作 I'd find a secure job,
所以我也去應徵 so I also went to interviews
以物理系應該去應徵那個 for what a physics major is supposed to interview for
那個什麼台灣電力公司很ok that Taiwan Power Company.
當時沒有台積電 沒有台積電 At that time there was no Taiwan Semiconductor Ltd., no TSML,
沒有什麼晶圓廠 都沒有 ok no silicon wafer factories, nothing like that, okay?
那個時候讀物理系被號稱為 At that time studying physics was called
將來可能會餓死的那種系喔 the department that might cause you to starve to death.
當然現在完全不是了 Of course now it's totally different,
那以前是這樣 but that's how it was back then.
那我覺得 還是要讀那個才好 So I felt, It'd be best to major in that
我也去讀了啊 so I went and studied it.
所以你看我自己決定 So, you see, I decided it all myself.
但是接著我開始想的問題就不是這樣了 But the questions I then began asking weren't those.
我在想說 我怎麼活用我的生命 I started thinking what I should do with my life.
我怎麼把我的生命呢 我的熱情 How do I take my life, my passion,
或者勉強叫做某一種程度的才能 or pushing it, call it my talent,
不要講才華啦 才能 can't call it brilliance...talent,
我發揮得淋漓盡致 and fully express and reveal it.
我覺得這樣 生命對我比較有意義 I felt a life like this would be more meaningful.
這個時候我就接著再想 And then I thought,
可是這樣子如果帶了一個太太的話 but, if I'm bringing along a wife,
恐怕就很難了 I'm afraid it'd be very hard.
如果再又不小心生了二個小孩 If I'm not careful and have two kids...,
這也是必要應該生的啦 and it's necessary, we should have them...,
但是生了也會很難喔 but having them would make things difficult,
因為這個時候我可能要付出好多 because I'd be investing a lot
在他們的生活上面 into their daily needs.
這樣對不對?對! Isn't that right? Right!
可是那是一種生活方式 But that is one life style
我覺得這樣搞不好 and I feel it's probably
不是我要的 not what I wanted.
因此我慢慢地我就去考慮了 And so I started to think.
我明天要考試 Suppose I were going to have an exam the following day,
前三天女朋友都會來我住的地方 my girlfriend would come over three days before,
跟我一起睡?不是!沒有跟我一起睡 to sleep with me? No! Not to sleep with me.
她來幫我煮飯菜 She would come to cook for me
或者是幫我買便當 or buy me some takeout.
因為我讀書是這樣的 Because this is how I would study:
一鼓作氣讀 peddle to the metal.
那之前我都用很多時間 Prior to this, I would spend a lot of time
去讀我想讀的東西 studying what I wanted.
我不會自己去讀物理 I wouldn't read physics on my own.
然後呢 真的要K書了 一個禮拜 Then when I really had to study for exams, a week before
我就請女朋友來我寮房裡 I'd invite my girlfriend over.
然後呢 And then,
幫我準備吃的什麼...啦 she'd prepare food for me and what,
讓我專心讀 這樣 so I could hit the books. Like that.
那有一次更慘的是 Then once.., it was really tragic.
明天考理論力學 The next day I was going to have an exam on Theoretical Mechanics
今天我才買到課本 and I just bought the book that day.
太混了 才買到課本 這樣 It was crazy. I just bought the book!
那我找李震球 So I went looking for Li Chen-chiu.
李震球現在在宜蘭 宜蘭大學 He's now in Yilan, at an Yilan University;
那個什麼大學當副教授 as an associate professor at some university.
他從美國回來 他是我好朋友 He's back from the States; he's my good friend.
我們那時候在光復校區 Back then we were on the Guangfu campus,
那個十層樓的大樓裡頭 in that 10-story building.
那個時候是新建的 It'd just been built then.
我們在那裡K書 K一整個晚上 We'd been cramming there the whole night,
一整個凌晨這樣 and throughout the wee hours of the morn.
那也是女朋友來送便當的啊 And my girlfriend still brought takeout;
送我們二個便當 這樣子ok she brought it for both of us, and life was okay.
那這樣子你覺得怎麼樣? So what do you think about that?
我發現這種生活 I found this kind of life
就是本來我預計到的 作學問的生活就是這樣 was what I had anticipated academia to be like.
可是我漸漸發現 But slowly I wondered,
這樣能幫助誰? who am I helping like this?
最後我發現只幫助我自己 Finally I realized I'm only helping myself.
或者我將來也去當教授 Or maybe one day I'd become a professor,
然後也教了一些學生啦 怎麼樣 and then teach some students or whatever.
那這很好啊 That'd be nice.
可是不夠!不夠淋漓盡致 But it wasn't enough! Not expressing my potential enough.
那個時候我就在想 At that time I was thinking,
如果要找尋生命的完成的話 if I wanted to achieve something fulfilling in my life,
我要得是什麼? what would it be?
那我既然要那個 Now, since that is what I want,
我可能就要損失某一種生活 I would have to give up certain things.
我已經清楚這樣了 I was clear on that.
所以我走向出家 And so I headed for becoming a monk.
所以這裡頭沒有一點一毫的 So there's not one iota of...
人間不好玩怎麼樣 the human realm's no fun or whatever...
沒有 沒有這個 完全不是這樣 None. Not at all. Nothing like that.
完全是很獨立自主的想到 It was entirely my own independent self-initiated idea.
你要過什麼生活 If you want to lead a certain kind of life
因此你就會去過那種生活 then go and live that kind of life.
這樣瞭解嗎? You follow me?
所以這樣講好了 Well, let's say it this way.
出家 Becoming a monk,
雖然看起來沒有太太、兒女在旁邊 although you don't have a wife or kids,
也沒有世俗的 或者葷食的 或者娛樂的 or the mundane life, or eat meat, or have entertainment;
這一類的通通沒有了 don't have anything like that.
可是它卻是我早就想好 But I'd already thought it through.
我主動地要把生命用到淋漓盡致 I initiated wanting to live my life to it's fullest potential;
發揮到淋漓盡致 to express my fullest potential.
我所選擇的方法就這樣而已啊 And this is the way I have chosen it to be.
一切佛陀所說出家的最終內涵 Everything that the Buddha said about being a monk
就這樣 is ultimately that.
那麼那個淋漓盡致是什麼? So then what does it mean to live to your fullest potential?
是什麼東西? What is it?
是有一種人 他願意過一種生活 It's a kind of person wanting to live a kind of life.
什麼樣的生活? What kind of life?
他自己找尋生命的一種超越能力 A life he discovered which offers the power to transcend;
超越的方法 a method for transcendence.
也就是說不再受各自 自己的私欲 This is to say, to no longer live
或者自己一人的想法 這樣過日子 confined by personal desires or one's own way of thinking.
他希望能夠將自己的生命 He hopes that he will be able to make his own life;
能夠超越這種限制 able to transcend these limitations,
而且呢 他這種超越的能力 and besides, this power to transcend
還能夠幫助別人 can be used to help others.
如果有人也想要超越的話 If there are those who want to also transcend,
他去幫助別人 he goes and helps them.
我當時成大 大四的時候 At that time, it was my senior year at Cheng Kung University;
我當時決定 我要過這種日子 it was then that I decided to live that kind of life.
就這樣而已啊 And that's what happened.
所以這叫做淋漓盡致地完成我自己的生命 This is called fulfilling my life by expressing my potential.
那是我的 That's my life.
所以這個我沒有求上帝 And to get this, I didn't pray to God.
我求自己 我問我自己 ok I sought it myself. I asked myself. Okay.
諸位 Everybody,
所謂的大乘就是這樣而已 this is what Mahayana Buddhism is all about.
所謂的大乘就是剛剛這兩樣合在一塊 Mahayana is the union of these two things.
就是自己覺得生命 嗯... That is, to be aware of what in life is...
有不夠完整的地方 ...what is not fulfilling enough,
他想要去完成 and wanting to fulfill it.
而不是說自己想要什麼 And it isn't to say you want something for yourself.
這麼單純而已 It's merely this.
欸 我也很想要一個好的手機 I want a nice cell phone like everybody else,
或者是一個很酷炫的車子 or a cool car.
譬如說 假設啦 你會這樣想 For example, let's just suppose you're thinking like this,
或者很高的地位啊 or you want status.
這是你想要 跟生命本身應該要什麼 But this is what YOU want, and not what you should get out of life.
這是不一樣的 This is different.
這是兩件事情 These are two different things.
常常我們失去了理想 Often we lose our ideals...
那個賽德克巴萊導演魏德聖他說 ...Wei Te-sheng who directed Seediq Bale said,
他說 如果你把困難放得那麼大 he said, "If you magnify difficulties to much,
那麼你步子就會跨得很小 you stride little."
他大概意思是這樣 Something like that.
沒有錯的 Exactly!
我們常常覺得 We often feel that
我們不需要有理想了 we no longer need ideals.
我們只要問這個社會 We just have to ask what does society
看什麼是有價值的 consider to be of value
然後我們去追尋這樣就對了 and then go for it, and that's enough.
這就是我們說的 This is what we call
我們想要的 "what we want."
是欲望中想要的 It's what we want because of desire.
跟我們自認為跳開欲望 然後想清楚說 This is very different from jumping free of desire and then clearly saying,
我的生命該要什麼? "what should I want out of life?"
這二個是二件事喔 These two things are different.
常常老師教的是前一種 Normally the teacher teaches the former one,
或者你學校裡頭讀到 or what you study in school,
或者雜誌報章讀到的是前一種 or what you read in newspapers and magazines is the first one.
譬如說 嗯... For example,
有一個雜誌它的封面呢 the cover of a magazine has
一個美美的女生 a pretty woman on it.
然後男生看了就說 After looking at it, a guy says,
嗯 討老婆要這種的 "Yeah, I want a wife like that."
女生看了就說 A woman says,
我要去看她用什麼樣子的化粧品 "Hmm, let's see what kind of cosmetics she's using
可以搞成這種的 to get herself to look like that."
這個是被誘導的 This is being seduced.
這個是告訴你 This is telling you,
這個告訴你 你可以追求什麼 telling you what you can go after.
我告訴你 Let me tell you.
你可以追求什麼 永遠追不完 You'll never end chasing after what you can chase,
因為都是由人創造出來的美跟好 because it is all beauty and good that's been made up by people.
然後告訴你說這個很好 And then they tell you it's great,
然後你就去追求了 and then you go after it.
你有什麼時候開始想說 When will you start to think
我的生命如果只是我自己擁有 "If my life were only owned by me,
不要被這一些誘導的話 and if I weren't being seduced by all this,
生命到底本質上應該要追求什麼? what would I really be pursuing?"
你想過這個嗎? Have you thought about this?
這個跟你要什麼這是兩碼子事 This, and what YOU want, are two totally different things.
好 我當時是這個想法 All right! That was what I thought at the time.
那麼大乘佛法在對今天的社會它的價值在哪裡 So what is the value of Mahayana Buddhism in today's world?
它就是把人從被誘導的想要什麼 It gradually guides people
慢慢地導引他們知道說 away from what they are being seduced by,
生命的本身應該要什麼 to realizing what they could want out of life itself,
應該需求什麼 what they could strive for.
是生命的本質該走向哪裡? In what direction is the essence of life leading me?
跟生命的欲望該取得什麼? What is the desire in life directing me to acquire?
這是兩碼子事 These are two different things.
我們太強調了 We over-emphasize
隨順生命的欲望 following our heart's desire
去完成你的動作 as the sole purpose for
完成你的取 getting what we go after.
這是很恐怖的 This is frightening
因為我們就被欲望牽著跑 because we will be dragged around by our desires.
你說身而為人 這一塊跑不掉的 You may say that this is inescapable for a human being.
對!如果你只是這麼想的話 Right! If you can only think this way,
那你就很形而下 then you are being rather material.
你自己擁有生命 You have a life.
其實你哪裡擁有自己的生命?沒有 But actually, you don't really have a life of your own. Not at all.
你擁有的只是欲望 All that you own is desire.
推動你生命去造作一切事的 通通是欲望在推動 Desire is totally motivating you to create everything in your life.
如果這樣子 And if this is how it is,
用這種方式去思考的話 this way of thinking
道德有時候會被你放棄 will sometimes cause you to abandon morality.
因為如果道德的制裁跟道德的界限很模糊的時候 When moral punishment and morality's boundaries are ambiguous,
你寧可取欲望 you may prefer to be on the side of desire.
這個時候 因此 At this time, therefore,
道德也只是欲望當中的一環而已 morality is just one link in the chain of desire.
那就不再是生命本來的價值 It will no longer be the original value of life.
因此我們常常說 我們說 And so we often say,
大乘佛法是教導人們 Mahayana Buddhism teaches people
不要被這自私的欲望所淹沒 not to be drowned by selfish desire.
然後找到自己生命中 And to find in this very life
本然可以完成的事業 that which you can naturally accomplish.
這叫做大乘 This is called Mahayana.
今天大乘在整個的社會當中 Mahayana in the world today
與其說勸你吃素啦什麼... that is urging you to be vegetarian, or whatever,
那些都是很形而下的 is pretty much materialism,
它最終的目的在這裡 but it's ultimate purpose is this.
這叫做大乘 This is Mahayana - the Great Vehicle.
所以它跟佛教裡頭的 我們講叫做五乘 In Buddhism, there are Five Vehicles,
五乘歸納起來 其實是三乘 which can actually be summed up into Three Vehicles -
人.天乘 the Human and Celestial Vehicle -
還有這個小乘或者叫做羅漢乘 and the Lesser, or Theravada Vehicle, also called the Arhat Vehicle.
我看乾脆講小乘就好了 We can call it Lesser Vehicle,
其實它真正的名稱不是這樣稱 but in fact, that's not what it's real name is.
小乘 再來呢 It's Theravada. Next...
或者叫做菩薩乘.佛乘 we can say is the Bodhisattva Vehicle, Buddha Vehicle,
大乘 然後再來最終一個佛乘 Mahayana, then finally the Buddha Vehicle.
這樣子呢 1 2 3 Like that- one - human, two - celestial three - Theravada,
這叫做羅漢.聲聞.緣覺乘 This Theravada is called Arhat, Srāvaka, and Pratyeka Vehicle
不過這個名稱就比較文謅謅的 but this name is so bookish,
講「小」就比較好 calling it Theravada is better.
那這二個就是名為大乘 Now these two - Bodhisattva and Buddha are called the Greater Vehicle - Mahayana
就是大乘 大乘裡頭從因跟果 Mahayana, with bodhisattva - cause, and Buddha - effect,
它講的就是說 is to say
這是第四個 這是第五個 this is the fourth; this is the fifth.
所以一般來講就是1 2 3 4 5 So, generally speaking, it is one - human, two - celestial, three - Theravada, four - Bodhisattva, and five - Buddha vehicles
看到沒有? See ?
好 那麼這樣子呢 Alright. So, like this,
這樣子呢 講說我們叫做五乘 this is what we call the five vehicles.
大乘佛法呢 Mahayana Buddha Dharma is...
是所謂的佛教 This Buddhism
所謂的小乘 This Theravada
或者我們講說 Or what we say,
一般的聲聞乘就是在這裡 the ordinary Srāvaka are here in Theravada.
可是大乘佛法不是 But Mahayana Buddhism isn't like that.
大乘佛法是五個都有 Mahayana Buddhism has all five.
它是把人從這裡導引起 It starts guiding people from here - the human realm
從人的立場導引起 Starts to guide from the human perspective.
然後導引到天 導引到小乘 Then it guides you to celestial; guides you to Theravada.
或者直接從這裡導引到這裡 Or guides directly from here - human, to here - Theravada.
那不一定的 It depends
有五條路不是... 有五個階段 There are five paths, not five stages.
但不是五個階段每個人都要走過去 But not every one has to go through these paths as five stages
常常大乘呢 是這樣走法的 Very often with Mahayana it goes like this;
帶領走的是這樣子 it leads you to go this way -
人.菩薩.然後佛 human, bodhisattva, and then Buddha
常常是這樣導引的 It often guides us in this way.
但有時候也必須要走成這樣 But sometimes you have to go this way -
走成 人然後再加上一個小乘 Attaining human realm withTheravada added on.
有時候會這樣 Sometimes it goes like this.
然後呢 更需要的時候 And then, if it is needed,
就只好再走一次 you have no alternative but again go celestial
再走一次這個 Theravada again, bodhisattva, and Buddha again.
再走一次 就是變成走五條路 It becomes a taking of the five paths.
就是這樣子 常常是這樣 That's how it is. It's frequently like this.
ok 好 那你就知道說 OK, so now you know that
從人的立場 from the stage of a human being,
從人的立場呢 from the human position,
跳到菩薩 to skip over to bodhisattva,
然後呢 進而成一個究竟的覺悟 and then progressing on to ultimate realization,
這條路呢 欸... this path
是我們上次有稍微簡單說過的 we talked a little about last time.
不過今天呢 我希望從這樣子的角度 慢慢的角度再來告訴你說 Today I hope to gradually tell you again from this angle that
大乘的佛法呢 Mahayana Buddha Dharma
它更加的清晰完整地把 has added more clarity and completeness
所有的路都帶過一遍 taking us along all the paths again.
不是所有人都要走過一遍 But not everyone has to take the paths again.
是說當它要告訴人間的時候 告訴人的時候 This is to say that when human beings are being told this in the human realm,
它會告訴你說有這樣五條路 we will be told that there are these five paths,
因此 注意喔 and therefore, mind you,
我剛才開宗名義我就說 In the beginning of the class remember I said that
說有人如果信上帝 if someone believes in God
同時又信佛的道理這樣o不ok? and in the Buddha's Dharma too, Is that OK?
可以 就在這裡 It's OK.
原因就在這裡 The reason is right here.
原因就在人乘跟天乘 The reason why is right in the Human Vehicle and Celestial Vehicle.
這裡 Here.
其實你注意看喔 Actually, take a good look.
很多基督教徒跟天主教徒 You'll see that many Christians,
乃至於這個道教徒 and even Taoists,
他們在往生的時候很安詳 pass away very peacefully.
身體也很柔軟 Their bodies are also very supple.
然後他甚至於也會有一種感覺到好像 And they will even have a feeling like
天使來接引了 angels have come to escort them.
這種感覺 A feeling like that.
那麼這個就是所謂的天乘 That is what we call the Celestial Vehicle.
他們就真的叫生天 They really call it going to heaven
在佛教裡頭本來就有這一塊了 This already exists in Buddhism.
所以佛陀相信 So, Buddha believes
哦不!不是佛陀相信 uh, no, not Buddha believes,
佛陀告訴我們說 But Buddha told us that
本來就有高過人類生活狀態的天人 there are celestial beings whose lives are more developed than humans.
但是這個天人呢 But these celestials
卻常常都是由人的立場去完成的 however, usually come from the human realm.
怎麼說呢 And how's that?
這樣講好了 欸 Let me explain it like this, uh,
如果 那裡有一道牆 say there's a wall,
要能夠跳過那個牆進去的人 and only beings who can jump over that wall
才能在裡頭生活得更好 can live a better life on the other side.
那請問在牆外的人要怎麼辦? So let me ask you. What should beings on the outside do?
要練體能啊 對不對? They have to train. Right?
然後呢 才能夠跳過那個牆 And only by doing that can they jump over the wall.
是的 True.
那能練能體的呢 And it is easiest for humans
最容易練的是人 to train themselves.
什麼叫做天? 天是一種... What is celestial realm? Celestial realm is a kind of...
什麼叫做天? 是一種生活得很自在 ...living completely at ease.
然後呢 他幾乎只有在享樂 And, practically all they have is pleasure.
他呢 They
沒有機會遇到什麼樣子苦難的折磨 have no chance to meet up with anything like the of suffering of torment.
沒有機會 Not a chance.
那幾乎都在享樂的狀態之下生活過日子 They spend their lives in a state of total enjoyment.
那種 他的身體本身也不會髒不會臭 And their bodies will never get dirty, never stink
那也不會有疾病 and they will never get sick
在他的福報享盡之前 他都不會 not until they have exhausted all of their karmic rewards they won't.
顯然不是我們 Obviously this isn't us.
你看我們吃進去肚子裡的東西會髒、會臭 Look at us, the stuff we eat goes into the stomach, becomes filthy, stinks,
然後很快地乃至於會生病 對不對? and then very soon we even get sick. Right?
是不是這樣子呀 Isn't that how it is?
但是天人幾乎不會 But that just about never happens for celestials.
可是天人跟人那是怎麼來的? But how have celestials and humans come about?
那就是由人去修養內在 From humans who have cultivated themselves spiritually,
降低自己的自私 reduced their selfishness,
減少自己的殺戮之氣 have decreased their urge to kill
與一切的眾生結有很好的善緣 and have created very good karmic bonds with all sentient beings
眾生看到你不會害怕你去吃牠的肉 beings won't be afraid that you are going to eat them.
不管你講的什麼食物鏈啦 they don't care about this food chain
或者是天生什麼萬物啦 必有所用 or this born as king of the beasts... everything exists for me...
牠就是要生來給我吃的 and all animals were born to feed me.
那是你的解釋 That's your interpretation.
就被你殺的動物來講 To all the animals that have been killed for you
牠恐懼是真的 ok the terror is real, OK?
但是你已經不做這個事了 But you already aren't doing that anymore.
這樣在做為人的修為當中 In this cultivation to be a person
斷了殺 you have stopped killing
斷了偷盜 stopped stealing
斷了劈腿 愛情當中的不忠貞 stopped cheating.Stopped being unfaithful love.
欸 應該說婚姻中的不忠貞 Uh, I should say the faithfulness in marriage.
愛情很難忠貞啦 It is hard to be faithful in love.
是應該說婚姻的不忠貞 I should say unfaithful in marriage
婚姻的不忠貞 unfaithful in marriage
婚姻 已經是完成婚姻的不忠貞 unfaithful in a marriage that has already been consummated
然後再來就是所謂的 uh,after that then there is the,
嗯... Um...
講謊話 再來呢 lying. Next is
這個喝、吃毐品 drinking, taking narcotics
或者喝酒這一類的 or drinking alcohol, things like that.
這一類的行為都不做了 Not doing any of those kinds of things
我們叫做五戒 we call the five precepts.
楊老師應該跟你們講過了 Professor Yang has probably talked about it already
這樣子的人有這樣的修為 People like this who have such cultivation
所以首先有個斷殺 have first given up killing
他不跟眾生結這種惡緣 They will not create negative karma with sentient beings.
在這種情況之下 Under such circumstances
他召感堆疊出來的生命樣態 they have enlisted affect that has built up into a life modality
可以堆疊成為天 that can build up to becoming a celestial.
看到沒有? Do you see that?
可是有人不以這個為主 But there are those who do not attach much importance to this
大乘法當中 The Mahayana Dharma
它告訴你 你也不要以它為主 tells us not to attach too much importance to this
怎麼說呢 How?
因為這終究是還存在一個 because in the end there still exists
蠻強大的一個我在做這個事 a pretty powerful "I" doing this
我蠻自私的 我還是會做好事 I'm pretty selfish. I will do good instead
所以我自認為我是好人 so I will selfishly think that I am a good person
所以我才去享受天的這個福樂 and so I'll be capable of enjoying celestial blessings and happiness
堆疊出來的還是我 OK what has been built up is still for me OK
所以這個我呢 so this "I"...
天人還是會死亡的 celestials in the end still die.
當他死亡的時候呢 when they die
這些身體的自在相都沒有了 their physical composed features are gone
乃至於身體本來不臭的 開始臭了 their bodies which originally didn't stink, begin to smell
乃至於他本來很安穩 and before they could serenely
坐在他生活的環境當中 sit in the environment they live in
他開始會不安穩了 but now they begin to be ill at ease
會很躁動 now they become restless
會很恐懼 they feel frightened
這就是他生命要結束了 this is the end of their lives.
他的生命也會有結束的時候 There is a time when their lives will come to an end
也會有結束的時候 there will be a time that it ends
這個時候一結束 At this time that it ends
他當時所做的善 All the good that they had done
堆疊出來的因呢 the causes that had been accumulated
通通用完了 are completely used up
結果呢 曾經做過的惡 and the result is that the evil that they had done before
他在天人過程當中並沒有消除掉 did not get eliminated when they were in the process of being celestial
它只是被隱藏著的 it had only been hidden.
就好像說 這樣講好了 It's like saying. Okay I can say it this way,
我也賺了很多錢 I made a lot of money
但是我也曾經傷害過別人 But I had also harmed a lot of people
可是現在我賺得錢多了 But now that I have earned a lot of money
我先住去花園洋房 I go to live in a garden villa.
我去住海外 I go overseas
我去住在哪裡呢 I go anywhere to live
那個被我害的人呢 是害得慘兮兮 those people that I hurt that I hurt miserably
他根本沒有機會看到我 never get the chance to see me
因為我們出入都是轎車 because when we come and go we are taking limousines
住的地方都有警衛 there is security where I live
那他呢 他在沿街叫賣小吃 And one that I harmed is still selling food at the side of a road
那怎麼能... 跟你生活是不干的 And so... their lives have nothing to do with yours
可是慢慢地 but slowly
情況不同了 the situation changes
等到你的福報享盡 when your karmic rewards are all used up enjoying yourself
也就是說你這個富有的人 that is to say being a wealthy person
已經怎麼樣? is all what?
已經不能夠繼續富有的時候 When you are no longer capable of staying wealthy
你可能也要到人間來叫賣食物了 You might also have to come to the human realm to be a street food vender
這個時候你就遇到你的仇人了 and at that time you meet up with your enemy
因為他就遇得到你 Because he has met you
因為你的生活環境就跟他接觸得到 Because your living environment is in touch with his.
這個時候他就會想起來 And at that time he will remember
欸?你好像對我有過怎麼樣 it seems like you once did something to me.
這種感覺一出來 and when that feeling arises
也就是你的惡緣對上了 your bad karmic connection is right on target
所以說做為天的享受 this is to say that the joys of being a celestial
你過去曾經造過的業啊 the karma that you had created in the past
仍然存在 is still existing
仍然沒有消除 It hasn't been eliminated
因此你再遇到 Because of this when you meet up with
你把你的福報享盡了 when your karmic rewards are used up
那個業就會出現 that karma will appear.
那個惡業就慢慢浮現 that bad karma will be slowly floating up to the surface
因為福報一享盡 because you karmic reward is being used up with pleasure
它沒有遮蔽你的那種防護罩了 there is no sort of protective covering to surround you
然後它就會出現 then it will appear, that face of misery will appear
人的苦難相就出現了 so when humans go into the celestial realm admittedly they do have some ease and comfort
所以人到天固然有一種享福 but it is very easy to lapse
可是很容易墮落 but it is very easy to lapse
很容易就這樣墮落下來 very easy to lapse backward like that
那麼這就是大乘不主張你停留在天 and this is why Mahayana doesn't advocate remaining in the celestial
好 怎麼辦? So what do you do?
開始就要修這個 要不就修這個 You start to practice Theravada or Bodhisattva practice.
修這個是什麼呢 And what does this practice?
修小乘是說 to practice Theravada is to
你已經知道了做天也不究竟 uh you already know that being celestial is not the ultimate
享這種福也不究竟 那怎麼辦 ? enjoying its pleasures is not the ultimate So what do you do?
那我應該要怎麼樣才不會再墮落啊? What do we do so that we will not lapse backward?
諸位呀 生命的價值不就在這兒嗎? Everyone, Is this all the value that there is to life?
我們講追求幸福 佛教不就是叫你追求幸福嗎? we talk about the pursuit of happiness Isn't Buddhism telling you to pursue happiness?
你說「天」算幸福嗎? Do you think being a celestial is happiness?
不幸福啊 No it isn't.
你看一隻雞被養得很好的時候 When a chicken is being raised well
你看那個宰豬公的那個 Look at that guy who slaughters pigs for rituals,
養豬公的豬 養得很好喔 the pigs that are raised for rituals are raised so well.
你知道他怎麼養得很好? Do you know how well they raise them?
因為他為了要把牠給養胖 They want to raise them up nice and fat.
吹冷氣、不用自己吃 They have air conditioning.They don't have to eat on their own;
都弄得很好 洗得很乾淨 everything is done for them. They keep the pig very clean,
可是這隻豬公牠並不知道說 But the pig doesn't know that.
等到季節一到 節慶一到 When the season comes, when the festival arrives
牠就要被抓去殺 it is going to be dragged out and slaughtered.
牠並不知道這樣 It doesn't know.
當然如果牠知道這樣 Of course if it knew
牠會享受這個冷氣 would it enjoy the a/c,
享受這個美食很安穩嗎? enjoy the food and comfort?
不會的 對不對? Not at all. Right?
所以你不要想著說 你不要這樣講 So don't think that, don't say that,
未來 未來誰知道啊 the future, who knows the future?
今朝有酒今朝醉就好了 Eat, drink and be merry.
你覺得這個是... do you think this is...
( ...... ) (interruption...)
好 沒關係 你們就做你們的動作 (Okay, no problem. Do whatever...)
諸位 這樣瞭解意思嗎? Everybody. Do you understand what I mean?
那麼所以說 And so
不要有那種今朝有酒今朝醉的 Don't look at life in that "eat, drink, and be merry,"
這樣子對生命的看法 kind of way.
這就是我剛剛講的 你只追求欲望 This is like what I just said you are only chasing after your desire
你不追求生命的本質 you are not chasing after the essence of life.
你要的是你欲望想要的 What you want is what your desire wants
而不是你的生命中 真正究竟的快樂 and is not the truly ultimate bliss that you of your life,
真正的 究竟的 the true, the ultimate
這種究竟的快樂 this ultimate bliss,
不是的 it isn't what you're chasing.
為什麼? 因為你終究還會墮落 Why? because in the end you will fall.
ok 好 如果你也知道是這樣的話 If you also know that this is how it is
那麼請注意 then be attentive.
「大乘」 就是希望你要看到 Mahayana only hopes that you will see
不要受限於這樣子的快樂 that you shouldn't be limited to this kind of desire-pleasure only.
我們不就是這樣嗎? But isn't that all there is?
我們今天不就是這樣子過日子嗎? Isn't that how we go through life today?
嗯... 什麼事情不要想太多了 Ah...,Don't think about everything so much.
別人不是都也這樣嗎? Doesn't everybody live like this?
我們快樂就好了 Just be happy,
誰知道未來是怎麼樣呢? who knows what the future may bring.
我們不就是這樣過日子的嗎? Isn't that how we live?
對不對? Right?
錯了 Wrong.
這樣子是一般人可以 This is okay for the average person.
如果身為一個知識份子 If you are an intellectual
你也用這種方式過日子 and you are living like this
我們說很可能你是不負責任的 we can say that you are very possible irresponsible
來 我們再舉個例子 Come. let's make another example
如果有一條河 Let's say there's a river
這條河的尾端是個瀑布 是這樣子 and at the end of this river there is a waterfall like this
然後呢 你有一個朋友 And then, you have a friend
在中秋節的時候做了一條船 who took a boat ride on the Autumn Moon Festival
做了一條船 然後呢 went for a boat ride And then
這個船他們在上面呢 on the boat
嗯... Ah...
把酒歡樂 They're drinking and having a good time
吃餅賞月 They're eating moon cakes, admiring the moon
那麼你呢 是因為被早先告知了說 But then, you, because earlier you had been told
你這條船在這裡 your boat is here
那麼呢 and
這條船充滿了問號是因為 you are curious about what's going to happen
你被事先告知了 because you have been informed
再下去過個三天航程呢 that three days along your boat ride
這裡就遇到了瀑布 you're going to meet up with a water fall
所以你呢 雖然在中秋夜 So you though it's the night of the Moon Festival
月亮這麼美 你是來不及吃的 The moon looks beautiful you have no time to eat anything
你會怎麼樣? what are you doing?
你會趕快往逆方向划 you're rowing in the opposite direction.
這個時候旁邊的人跟你講說 and at that time the people around you are saying
好笨喔 人間這麼美好 you are so stupid Life is so good,
月亮這麼的漂亮 the moon is so pretty
為什麼你不享受一下? why don't you just enjoy it for a while?
諸位你瞭解意思嗎? Everyone. Do you understand what I am saying?
你覺得呢? what do you think?
你覺得是他笨還是你笨? do you think they are stupid or you're stupid?
你覺得是他負責任還是你負責任? Do you think they're being responsible or you're being responsible?
諸位 這船上有你愛的人 Everyone, There is someone you love on that boat
你非常... someone you really
你非常看中的人 really care about
然後呢... And then
你呢 And you,
現在正在努力 並不跟他們一樣享受 you are working hard you're not enjoying yourself like them.
對不起 請問你是消極的嗎? Excuse me, Let me ask you. Are you being negative?
你是不懂得愛的人嗎? Are you someone who doesn't know what love is?
還是你比他們更懂得愛? Or do you have a better understanding of love than them?
做為一個知識份子 As an intellectual
如果你的生命的完成 if your life style
從來就是別人怎麼過活 has always been living like others
你也差不多跟他一樣 you're just like everybody else
而你沒有想過 And you have never thought,
整個生命會不會最終你會面臨的是這個瀑布 what if at the end of my life I will face this water fall
這個船上就是你的家 and on this boat is your family
或者你周邊所愛的一切人 or those you love
這個船上都在仰賴著你怎麼生活 and everyone on that boat relies on how you live
看著你怎麼生活 and they are watching you
而你就只有這種 第一個 and you are like these living like those on the first boat
吃月餅的人的這種生活 第一條船的 eating moon cake Do you want to be like the first boat
還是你要做第二條船的? or like the second boat?
這就是佛法在大乘跟菩薩乘之間 This is the Buddha Dharma, between Mahayana and Bodhisattva
它開始從人.天要反問你的 wants to ask you going from being human to celestial.
你可以很自在沒有錯啊 You can be at ease, no problem.
可是你知道不知道... But do you know
你知不知道生命的最後有一個瀑布? that at the end of this life there's going to be a waterfall?
如果這個瀑布你已經準備好了 If you have already prepared yourself for this waterfall
那請告訴我 你用什麼方法準備的? Tell me How have you prepared for it?
你這樣想 you might think
啊... 那都是騙人的啦 Ah.... that's not true
那是騙人的 有同學這樣想 it's a lie some of the classmates will think like this
有同學你可能會這樣想 some of you might think this way
這搞不好是宗教家 Maybe this is made up by some religious people
特別想出來要唬弄人 讓人家信仰宗教 to fool us. to make people have faith in a religion.
不得不想像出來的 so they had to think it up
有地獄、有墮落、有瀑布 there's a hell you'll fall into it there's a waterfall
人生大概是這樣吧 Life is maybe like that
你想 你想喔 Think!think
來 我們做個比喻 Come. Let's make an example
假設這是真的 Suppose this is true.
假設這是真的 Suppose this is true.
要不假設它是假的 Otherwise, suppose it's fake.
就二種可能嘛 There are only two possibilities.
假設假的 就是照你說的嘛 Suppose it's fake, to like you said,
就是拿來唬弄人的 to fool people.
那假設是真的 就是像我說的真的 And if we suppose it is true, it is like I said.
好 我們來看看 OK, now look.
我們今生如果不努力 If we don't try hard today.
如果我們今天不努力 If we don't try hard today.
換句話說完全按照你想要的方式過日子 In other words live just as you please.
換句話說是這樣 In other words like that. Huh.
那萬一面臨了 是真的 Then if it turns out that what we may face is truly that.
你到臨終那一剎那 At that moment of imminent death
你就沒有翻本的機會了 there will be no chance to do anything about it.
因為你都沒有努力過嘛 對不對? Because you didn't try hard. Right?
我現在不說它是真的還是假的 I'm not saying now it it's true or false.
我說你完全不努力 I'm saying you didn't make any effort.
那萬一它是真的 各有一半嘛 And if it is true. There's a 50% possibility.
當我們不考慮任何條件的時候 Of course we aren't considering that there may be some conditions.
它各有一半一半的機會 There's a 50, 50 chance it can go either way.
那它是真的 那你完了 And if it's true, you're screwed.
呵呵 對不對? Heh, heh. Right?
你就墮落了 And you fall backwards to a lower realm.
那假設它是假的 And if it is true.
你也沒有賺到什麼 You didn't gain anything.
你沒有賺到什麼 You didn't gain anything,
因為它是假的 because it is fake.
你也沒有損失什麼啊 But you didn't lose anything.
因為你做了什麼 Because what you did
你做了什麼都沒有努力 took no effort,
所以你也沒有賺到什麼 so you didn't earn anything,
因為你本來也沒有努力 because you didn't try hard from the start.
所以你的生命也沒有增上啊 So your life didn't improve in any way.
只是因為假的 剛好沒這個 And since it is fake; there's no waterfall.
搞不好過得永遠都很自在啊 And maybe all the way along it will be easy.
說不定是這樣 Maybe that's how it'll be.
可是就算是假的 But it is fake
你也沒有得到 你也沒有失去什麼 You didn't gain or lose anything.
對不對? Right?
可是注意喔 But pay attention.
假設你是有努力的 Supposed you tried hard.
那就不同了 Now that's different.
如果你有努力 If you worked hard.
你有努力到 你很安穩 為什麼? You made the effort and became secure. Why?
如果是真的 Because if it is true.
真的有這個瀑布 There really is a waterfall.
我有努力 所以我不會摔啊 Well, I tried hard and now I won't plunge into it.
所以我到臨死之前我都不用懷疑 So I don't have to wonder leading up to my death
它會不會是真? 會不會是真的 whether or not it's true. If it is true or not.
因為你努力準備它了 Because I was working hard to prepare for it,
所以你會很安穩 so I'm secure about it.
第二 假設它是假的 Second. Supposing it's fake.
注意看 Pay attention.
假設它是假的 Pay attention. Suppose it's fake.
換句話說沒有這個 In other words, there's no waterfall,
可是你還是很努力 but your hard at work.
那你努力的結果是怎麼樣? So what about the result of your hard work?
你很慈悲 You are very compassionate
因為你現在正在吃素 對不對? because you are eating vegetarian food now. Right?
你不用跟任何的眾生結惡緣 You don't have to create any negative karmic connection with any living being.
對不對? Right?
你也不用走在路上被狗吠 You don't have to walk down the street and have a dog...
因為狗在你身上聞到了 吃牠同胞肉的味道 Because dogs can smell the stink of meat you've eaten on your body.
一定不用嘛 Definitely don't have to.
再來 你也不用心中有一個懷疑說 And also, you don't have to wonder,
萬一是真的怎麼辦? "What if it's true? What would I do?"
你也不用這樣子啊 You don't have to be that way.
因為你早就準備好了 Cause you're well prepared.
所以你減少了鬥爭 So you have lessened your need to struggle,
你減少了恐懼 Lessened your fear.
你培養了慈悲 You've cultivated compassion;
你失去了惡心跟惡緣 你不會有 You lost your bad nature and bad karmic connections. You won't have fear and struggle.
對不對?你不會有這些 Right?You won't have those things.
你心安理得 Your mind is at peace, rational and moral,
而且你生活得很有目標 and you have a purpose for living.
好吧 最後最終假設沒有這個瀑布好了 Okay. Finally, in the end, suppose there is not waterfall.
我請問你 你損失了什麼? Let me ask you, what will you lose?
你沒有損失 You won't lose anything.
你不但沒損失 你在還沒有得到答案之前 Not only haven't you lost anything, but before you even found out the truth
你卻得到這麼多的利益 you've already gained all of these benefits.
對不對?是不是這樣子 Right? Isn't that the way it is?
所以先別談我會不會唬弄你 So first let's not talk about whether or not I'm fooling you.
就談它真的有 是假的 Talk about it really being fake,
你做了這樣子修想的努力 and you've worked hard at developing yourself
你難道會有損失嗎?為什麼你不做? are you losing anything? So why don't you do it?
諸位這樣瞭解嗎? Does everyone understand?
所以我要告訴諸位的是 So what I want to tell everyone is that
「大乘」會告訴你:人.天是不究竟的 Mahayana is telling you that human and celestial realms is not the ultimate goal.
會告訴你說 It is telling you that
「佛」用他的生命作保證 Buddha used His own life as a guarantee.
今天如果你們都不信 我有什麼損失? If today none of you believe in this, what have I lost?
我身為一個出家人 我有什麼損失? As a Buddhist monk what have I lost?
沒有啊 Nothing.
我何必跑得來 Why do I have to run over here?
你們在吃飯的時候 While you're eating,
我還跟你們喋喋不休講這些 I'm chattering on about this.
我不需要嘛 是不是?對不對? And I don't need to. Right?
我沒有什麼利益可圖啊 There's nothing in it for me.
我要告訴你們這個 And this is what I wanted to tell you.
這就是世尊當時他證悟的時候心中的想法 This is the thought of the World Honored One when he was enlightened.
他的想法很簡單 His idea was very simple.
他說啊 He said,
我愛我一切我所愛的人 I love all those I love, I love everyone,
我證得了覺性之後我發現了 After I have realized my awakening I discovered
一切的苦呢 that all suffering
都是從內在的無明不知 所衍生出來的 comes from internal ignorance.
而這些苦呢 And this suffering
其實是由於 is actually from
這樣子的自私沒有被導引 selfishness that has not been steered away
沒有被消除 has not been removed
那才會造成苦的 and that is what causes suffering.
如果它有一天被消除了 If it is eliminated one day
他仍然 他可以過得非常地自在而快樂 you can live so at ease and happily.
而現在正是哪一些人沒有快樂?沒有自在? And who are they who are not happy now? Who are not at ease?
就是像我身上一塊肉的那一切眾生 They are those who are like pieces of flesh on my body.
所以他證悟的時候 So when he became enlightened
他看待一切眾生就像他身上的一塊肉一樣 He saw all people as if they were part of him.
然後他發現了一切眾生所受的苦 And he discovered that all the suffering that all beings endure
就是一切的我們 are all of us
包括我們正在... including those of us
我們可能想要吃的那些眾生 who want to eat living beings
那些豬、狗、牛 那些魚啊 pigs, dogs, cattle, fish.
那一些的 All of those
也在他眼裡來看 也是眾生 in his view are all people too,
是因為他從人 because from the human realm
他從人的這個立場喔 from the position of a human
他從人去造惡 they created badness
他造惡之後堆疊了惡因 by creating badness they accumulated bad causs
然後這個惡因 導引他有惡心 which then, these bad causes led to bad thoughts which led to a bad body
導引他有惡身 which led to a bad body
所以成為下三道的眾生 and became a living being of the three lower realms
什麼叫「下三道」? What are the three lower realms?
「畜生道」就是給我們吃的 "Animal realm" which is what you eat.
給人家宰殺的 愚蠢的 They are slaughtered by people. They are stupid.
再來「地獄道」「餓鬼道」這是下三道 Next, the hell realm, the hungry ghost realm. These are the three lower realms.
你看 是因為不懂得修養 Look, because they don't know how to develop and cultivate themselves
所以有了惡 so they created badness.
這個惡在生命當中疊堆成為一種投胎的惡因 This badness in one's life builds up and becomes the cause of a bad rebirth.
那這種投胎的惡因呢 This bad rebirth cause
在你平常生命當中形成一種惡的心 in your everyday life forms into a bad mind.
這種惡的心不能叫做罪或不罪 This kind of badness cannot be called sinful or not sinful.
「罪」 罪過的罪 Not "sinful" as in criminal.
罪這個觀念在佛教裡頭其實不常用 This concept of sin, is actually not used very often in Buddhism.
它只是講說你不愉快的因 Bad just means an unhappy cause
會造成你不愉快結果的因 which will bring about the cause of an unhappy effect.
那個我們叫做惡 That is what we call bad.
惡 惡就是噁 Bad
噁心 我們不喜歡 It is sickening. To feel sick. We don't like it.
是「亞」「心」 It is something inferior in our minds.
「亞」「心」名為惡 The Chinese character is an "inferior" and a "mind" radical.
就是不是我真的想要的那個東西 It means something that I really don't want.
並不定 Not necessarily sin.
佛教其實 除了就戒律說 會講罪以外 Actually besides the precepts talking about sin Buddhism
平常它不太隨便講這個罪字 usually doesn't easily us the word sin.
因為佛教沒有原罪這種想法 This is because there is no concept of original sin in Buddhism.
佛教的想法是 The Buddhist way of thinking
因為你自私 你造了一些過失 is that because you are selfish you created some faults.
這種過失是惡因 These faults are bad causes
因為它終究會導引你 惡的什麼? which will lead you to finally having a bad what?
惡的結果 an bad result;
是你不喜歡的結果 a result that you won't like.
它會導引這樣 It will lead to this.
那一切都來自於自私 And all of it comes from selfishness,
無明 ignorance,
我執 egocentricity,
自我的執著 self-attachment,
自我的執著 都來自於這些 self attachment. Badness and fear come from these things,
自私、無明、我執 都來自於這些 selfishness, ignorance, egocentricity. They come from these,
這些點點滴滴 accumulating bit by bit
那麼可是這個並 But though these
這些你是稀鬆平常習慣了 are part of your ordinary habits
可是它並不是你本來的生命的樣子 they are no way your true life.
這就是佛陀當時證到的 This is what Buddha realized then.
他說你本來不會這樣 He said that you weren't originally like this.
只是你沒有被導引、教導 But because you were never guided and taught
所以你誤認為 你應該自私 應該無明 so you mistakenly believed that you should be selfish, you should be ignorant.
(這個等一下再擦) (Wipe it up later.)
你瞭解意思嗎? Do you understand what this means?
所以如果你懂這樣子 So if you understand this,
那麼佛陀當時會不捨眾生要來... then that is why the Buddha didn't abandon people. He wanted to come...
不要講度化你們 就是說 Let's not say to liberate and transform us. It is to say,
要來告訴我們說 停止這些行為 to tell us to stop these behaviors.
停止這些行為 If you stop these behaviors,
你將不會面臨這樣子的瀑布 you will not face a waterfall of badness and fear.
人生的瀑布就這樣墮落 不會 The waterfall life is degeneration into those. But you won't.
所以怎麼樣停止? And how do you stop it?
可是我們太習慣這些了 When we are so used to these traits?
太習慣這些我執、自私 So used to them, egocentricity, selfishness.
所以我們要努力往上去 So we have to work hard to row up stream.
我們不要墮落到這裡頭來 We don't want to degenerate to down here
之所以這裡 This is the,
這裡就是完全由自私、無明、我執所形成的瀑布 is entirely the waterfall brought about by selfishness, ignorance, and egocentricity
他就會向下墮落 It can only fall downward, degenerate.
佛陀當年證得的是這個 At that time this is exactly what the Buddha became enlightened to.
這樣子的內容 This is the essence/ content.
然後他告訴你說 And then He told us,
告訴世人說 不要這樣做了 He told the people of the world, "Don't do this."
諸位 這個時候就開始分大、小乘了 Everyone. It was at this time that Mahayana and Theravada came about.
如果你自己學著不要這麼做 這叫小乘 If you practice this for yourself, that is called Theravada.
你自己學著 You learn it yourself.
如果你學著自己不要也教別人不要 If you practice not being that way yourself and you teach others not to
打算教別人不要 這叫菩薩乘 or plan to teach others not to, this is called bodhisattva vehicle.
「菩薩」是什麼?覺有情的意思 What is a bodhisattva? It means a being that awakens others.
覺有情有二個意思 Awaken others has two meanings.
已經去覺悟那有情 包括自己 It means it has already awakened others, including itself.
所以他是修鍊了自己 So it has been liberated.
也幫助別人修鍊他自己 It is itself a practitioner and helps others practice.
換句話說他不以修鍊自己為主要目的 In other words, self-development is not its main purpose.
他以幫助所有人一起修鍊 Its purpose is to help all people practice self-development.
往上划為目的 Its purpose is to row away from the waterfall
這個時候了就形成所謂「菩薩乘」 And at that time the bodhisattva vehicle was formed.
菩薩的名稱叫做覺悟有情 The name bodhisattva means awakening living beings.
去將那個 別人不覺悟我幫他覺悟懂這個道理 To go and help those not enlightened to become aware of, to understand, this principle.
這樣的意思 這樣瞭解嗎? This is what it means. Do you understand?
好 如果諸位瞭解這樣 Okay. If you understand this.
這就是五乘佛法了 看到沒有 These are the Five Vehicles of Buddhism. You see?
從人.天.小乘.菩薩乘 From human, celestial, Theravada, bodhisattva
一直最後究竟的就是成佛 all the way to the final, ultimate which is a Buddha.
那麼呢 人.天 So, human and celestial
有人就到這裡結束囉 for some people is where they stop.
怎麼辦?這二端算什麼? And what to do about it? What do we consider these two realms?
我說這二端一定會有不完整 As I said, these two realms will definitely be incomplete.
因為他還是終究保持著部分的 Because they still, after all, maintain a share of
自私、我執跟苦的因在裡頭 the cause of selfishness, egocentricity and suffering.
他還是會面臨這種東西的挑戰 They will still have to face the challenge of this waterfall thing.
那有沒有可能我今生沒有成就 And if I possibly don't face it this lifetime
或下輩子再來人 那怎麼辦? or will have to face it in my next lifetime as human... well what to do about it?
沒有怎麼辦 你還是可以的 Is there anything to do about it? Yes, there is.
因為你如果連人都不保 Because if you can't even guarantee a rebirth as human
那你就會變成下三道 then you will fall into the lower three realms.
那不是很可怕 更可怕嗎?對不對? Isn't that horrible? It's horrible.Right?
所以當然要先保住人的身份 So of course you have to first guarantee your human position.
所以佛教 So Buddhism,
大乘之所以對今天的人會有價值 Mahayana values today's humans
是因為他一下手的時候先叫你 because begins it teachings by telling you
先學會要做一個標準的人 how to learn the criterion for being a human.
不傷害其他眾生的這個人 A human who doesn't harm other sentient beings.
你才不會一下就墮落這樣 So that at least you won't suddenly regress to a lower realm.
那修行可能好久好久啊 And then by practicing for a long, long time
你總不要往下墮落 你要保持在人的身份 In the end you won't regress. You can maintain rebirth in the human realm.
那你要問了:那要不要在天上會更棒一點? Then you might ask, "Well, wouldn't being in a celestial realm better?"
不要! No.
佛陀不建議 The Buddha didn't suggest that.
怎麼說呢?因為他太享福了 他太享樂了 Why not? Because you'd be enjoying your blessings so much, enjoying pleasure so much,
就是老師有跟你們講過的 and that is what your teacher was telling you,
所謂的苦樂參半 做為人才比較好修 "It is best for people to practice where there is some pleasure and some suffering.
因為天的話 是把所有的惡都短暫的累積堆在一邊 Because in the celestial realm all the evil is briefly piled up and set aside
他不解決 but not dealt with.
可是你現在的善一直拿去用 But you are using up all of your good karma, using it up.
有點像說 嗯... It is sort of like saying,
欠債晚一點還 現在有的錢儘量花 "I'll pay off my debts later, and I'll just *** away all the money I have now.
有一點像這樣 It's sort of like that.
那這樣的話你把錢都花光了
等一下要面臨債主臨門
那這就是天的狀態
所以基本上較比不好
喔 所以......
那可是有人這樣做嗎?
有!還是有人這樣做
他寧可先享受一下
有沒有這樣的人?有
那這種情況有特殊的
特殊的菩薩去度化他們
還是會去度喔
菩薩很有意思喔
菩薩甚至於去示現狗身、豬身
魚、動物會去度化他(牠)
這樣瞭解嗎?
這樣子就整個的讓你知道說
其實佛教它要做得事情很廣泛
然後呢 它想要完成的度化眾生
是一切眾生都要度化
那麼這一種心量
你說在今天的社會當中是不是最棒?
非常地好
而且它同時的接受了所謂的
如果你想要先信有天主
這個天的主人
這個 這樣的神的話
他還是接受的
那他也覺得你ok你可以 因為什麼?
因為你就在人.天乘當中的人
的... 水準就對了
他不會輕視你
他會用另外的方法來度化你
他還會用另外的方法 是你會接受的方法
我今天來是 諸位有緣
也是在某個意義上你們能接受的方式來
因為你們先接受楊教授 楊主任嘛
然後楊主任請了我來 基本上你們會跟著接受
會一起買單
那這樣子就叫做
這就是我跟你們的緣
將來要是真的不幸
要墮落到這個哪裡去了
你自己都不能自救了
「菩薩」
他就不會了 小乘就...
因為小乘注重在 我自己解決
那菩薩就不同 菩薩他要學更多
他要學會更多的方法
咻! 跑到這裡來
那這就有理論了
這就有理論了 有修法就不同
那今天當然不談理論
它的那麼多理論修法
可是我們今天的題目是
大乘在今天社會上的價值是什麼?
你就可以從這個五乘當中看到它的價值有多大
首先第一 他一定修養自己
第二 他不以生命的現前的欲望為滿足
第三 他是以解脫一切眾生的苦難
為生命的價值
有沒有看到這幾樣?有沒有?
第一 他一定修養自己
所以大乘的佛法如果在一個社會當中
能夠宣揚得起來的話
每一個人一定都是ok的
當然小乘也可以
可是小乘有做不到的地方
是下面
小乘也一樣修養自己
可是他修養 就是自己
大乘不同 大乘先從自己的人乘
那種五戒 先修起
修完了之後呢 他不會停留在天乘享福
他會知道眾生有惡、有因、有心、有身的不自在
有惡因之後就有惡的煩惱相
就有惡的身相
然後最後就以這個身相 最後就投胎
的這種因緣就投胎成為一個
一個什麼呢?一個受苦的生命狀態
也是你堆疊出來的啊 對不對?
好 當這樣的時候 大乘人不忍心
看這條船上面的
我的親戚都這樣 我所愛的人都這樣
我不忍心看到這樣
所以我會再用各種方法
去度化這整條船的人
這就是叫大乘
所以他是度好多的人 所以叫大乘
「乘」就是大的船
那小乘就是小的船 只度自己
這樣瞭解了喔
所以諸位有沒有看到
為什麼我們特別要強調
大乘佛法在今天社會上的價值意義呢
是因為說 他己利利人 己達達人
而且這個「利」跟「達」呢
是到了一個究竟的意思
到了一個究竟
它有究竟的解脫
好
這個時候你們會問幾個邏輯性的事情了
第一
那麼如果是這樣講的話那就是
你剛剛這樣講我可以接受了 不過...
說要吃素我就很難接受
因為吃素我就不太快樂啊
你不是要讓我快樂嗎?
我說過大乘當然讓人家快樂
不過講的是究竟快樂
它不是講口腹之樂
那植物... 植物算不算也是生命?
如果你講生命定義為能成長
能夠有趨光性
能夠這樣子稍微有什麼一定的反應
譬如說用音樂給它聽 那植物會長得更漂亮
譬如說這樣 那所以說植物也有生命
那個其實叫做...
有同學自問自答 我覺得不錯
用那個名詞也不錯 那叫生機
生機飲食那個生機 它有生的...
它有細胞複製、生殖、堆疊的這個能力
沒有錯的
如果這樣叫做生命是這樣
可是今天佛教講的不殺生是指的說
不是指那個 斷除這個
這樣的一個生機叫做不殺生 不是指這個
是指的說
對於那個有自我感
有自我行動意志
有自我愛的這種自我認知的生命
所以它不是泛指一切生命叫做不殺生
它是指特別針對有這種自我感
這樣子的
你不要以為......
植物人也有自我感喔
讀醫學的人都知道
有臨床經驗的人都知道
其實植物人他只是不能反應而已
甚至於他有時還會流淚的
他還會這樣的
所以他不是沒有自我感
而且就算他是那個時候消失了自我感
也是蒙蔽而不是他本質上沒有
而且再來
他有自我欲望跟實踐這個欲望造業的能力
像這樣子講得才是我們說的
要斷殺的那個對象
對植物來說......
沒有錯 音樂聽起來好像它會
嗯 它會長得更好一點
那是因為周邊的環境磁場柔軟
這就好像說空氣比較好
那個誰過的日子會比較快樂一點
意思是一樣的
那個不是我們講得說不殺生
再來 不殺生呢
在佛教觀念裡頭來講
與其說真的不去殺那個眾生
這樣子叫做不殺生
其實還不夠
是指的說 不培養你內在的自私
為了口欲
你去奪取別人的生命
我是說為了口欲 不是說為了活著
我們為了活著
我們最起碼要有植物
做為我們活著的物質資糧 沒有錯
可是它夠了啊
我真的我連蛋都沒吃
我也斷奶了
當然偶爾吃一下奶製品 這是可接受的
基本上能不吃我就不吃
但不是說素食連奶都不喝 不是這個意思
我是說因為我會覺得那個腥味
我也愈來愈不能適應
好了 這樣那我的生活呢?
我從剛剛... 你們正在吃我也不會餓啊
那我早上也沒吃 也ok啊 對不對?
那可見植物說會讓你的營養不足
我們的小沙彌也都胖胖的
你要上網去看一下
當然也有體格比較瘦的 但是一樣有胖的
他是胎裏素的也有 那也ok啊
可見應該這個不攻自破了
自古以來中國的修行人都是素食
他們的哲學思想
他們的學術成就都那麼高
甚至於修行的成就都那麼高
可見他不會因為素食而營養不良
我想這應該......
這應該不用多說
重點在什麼?
重點在於
這一些素食本身是跟大乘有關的
它跟你大乘的內在修養跟斷除你的惡因、惡心
避免形成惡身墮落三惡道是有關的
重點在這裡
並且也教導別人不要這樣做
這是有關的
教導不要這樣做 不要造這樣的惡 都有關
何以故?
你想想看
葷食是怎麼樣子的一個心態
是一個有自我感的動物
牠跟你一樣貪生怕死的動物
牠甚至於可以
可以感覺到人對牠的好跟壞的這種差別
牠都有感覺的一個動物
牠能夠行動
牠能夠自我找尋生活方式
自我安頓牠自己的生活
即便是一隻豬
牠都會安頓牠自己的生活
這樣子一個跟我們人類是這麼接近的動物
有自我感的存在
然後你呢
只因為你的口腹之欲
我說過跟健康
跟你需要的蛋白質已經無關了
我說過
我們不需要動物性蛋白質 一樣能活
這些在網路上你查都可以查得出來
太多的體操選手他本身就是素食
那這些我們都可以看得到
乃至於長跑健將 還有那個......
世界上一個很有名的游泳健將
他就是素食者
那麼舉凡這一類 我們就看得出來說
你可以不需要為了活著的單純目的而去宰殺牠
你卻是因為你基於萬物之靈
然後你用你的方法跟取巧
去奪取牠的生命
而且完全不理會牠的恐懼
牠的自我愛
牠能夠自我安頓的那個事實
甚至在某個意義上牠還跟你
有很親密的關係
你都無視於這一些
這樣子的生活樣態
是培養出怎麼樣子的一個心靈啊
你想想看
你想想看
所以我們的法律上
我們為什麼懂得要制訂說
虐待狗是犯法的
而且還是刑法
不是民法 民法是「告訴」
你可以告才是喔
它居然是刑法
為什麼會這樣?
難道不是基於狗是跟人很親密的關係
這麼親密的關係你怎麼可以宰殺牠
就這樣而已喔
難道是因為說
因為狗會講人話?
因為狗會讀ABC?
因為狗會開車?
所以牠特別 所以我們要保護牠
是因為這樣嗎? 不是的
只是因為牠跟你人的關係比較親密
然後你就認定牠應該要被保護
諸位啊
其實豬 牛跟人難道就沒有親密嗎?
你看那個牛
牛還替人家犛田呢
只是因為牠體積龐大
不可能跑到床上跟你一起睡而已呀
對不對?
牠跟你的互動
你有沒有給牠機會
你沒有給牠那麼多機會
所以你會覺得牛
養牛好像快樂度沒有像養狗那麼快樂
這樣而已啊
那個自我感
那個貢獻度
其實並不完全輸狗啊
人類都已經認定保護一隻狗
在今天中華民國的法律當中是合理的
而且已經訂為法律了
你想人的思維
在這方面對動物的思維
是不是顯得非常的幼稚而割裂呢?
你認定的是什麼
你看連孔子
你們同學也有引到這句話
連孔子也講到說
欸... 這個什麼呢
這個...
君子遠庖廚 聞其聲不忍食其肉
是啊
因此就有人推論說
有些事情不要知道好啦
所以老師放給我們「那個」喔
我就不要看
我就不要看好了
是
是這樣沒有錯啦
如果那個無關乎你自己生命的墮落跟不墮落
自在跟不自在
無關乎這個世界上的祥和正義的話
那你當然可以不要看
可以啊
如果無關乎有這一條瀑布
你當然可以不用看啊
沒有這條瀑布嘛
何必自己嚇自己?
那你就可以不要看啊
可是問題是真的有
真的人生有這種瀑布啊
有這種墮落啊
而且你繼續的葷食
人類用那麼殘忍的方式在對待著動物
這就形成了一種
社會人心累積出來堆疊出來的殘忍跟惡
所以這個世界上
就是這個食物鏈就會非常的怎麼樣?
沒有人性
沒有合作而且只有侵奪
當這樣子的想法
一直累積在這個地球上的時候
你會自在嗎?
你可以不要看啊
但是你會自在嗎?
所以諸位佛教是基於
大乘的佛法是基於這樣
所以勸勉大家
從內在的修心來素食
是這樣講得
至於說健不健康我已經講過了
恰好是為了健康
再來環不環保?
恰好也是為了環保
我們都知道6公斤到8公斤的黃豆
才能長養出1公斤的牛肉
而且這裡頭帶有一半以上的油脂
再來呢 牠所產生的甲烷
破壞大氣層是非常高的
在地球上面破壞大氣層最高的不是汽車
而是牛的什麼? 排氣
牛的屁...
牛的放屁
因為牠排出來是甲烷
這些你在網路上都可以找得到
整個是汗牛整棟
關於養殖動物會損害自然環境
會怎麼樣呢
會大量的消失掉我們人類所要的植物性蛋白
我們用更多的植物性蛋白
轉換成為少量的動物性蛋白
然後讓更多人在那裡飢餓
然後長養了像我們這樣子
所謂文明的經濟生活進步的社會
去吃本來可以養活更多非洲可憐的人的那些黃豆
我們把它換成了動物性蛋白 少量的
而且還是我們才買得起的
這裡頭有世界上面的公平嗎?
沒有
更何況我們在種黃豆的時候
把整個大地輾平
然後呢
一切眾生的生活都不能存在了
然後再用所謂的那個什麼 抗生素
去避免大豆的病變
然後再收這些大豆來去養那些牛
然後那些牛會集中被養的時候
又有更多的病變跟傳染病
又要打更多的抗生素
這些抗生素最後就透過牛肉 豬肉
累積到我們人類的身上來
所以人類現在一有了什麼病啊
就會很大量的
而且幾乎抗生素用到第幾級都用不好
這些你能夠說你不知道就算了 沒事?
你照樣吃那個葷食
當然不是這麼簡單
所以從修心
從健康
從世界的環保
從人類的公益
人跟人的正義感來談
你都可以看得到
「素食」它真的是解決之道
而且對我們沒有什麼傷害
沒有傷害 要有只是口腹之欲
然而口腹之欲
我們為了多少的家庭
我們可以一個當先生的為了家庭的幸福
可以為五斗米去折腰
一個家庭的媽媽
為了養育兒女照顧好家庭
她可以犧牲 她的打扮跟青春美麗
為這家庭付出
為什麼?
因為我們有更高的價值
我們覺得我們對這個家庭有責任
因為我們覺得去堆積我們的愛
家庭的愛情跟感情
對我們生命的是價值的
所以我們甚至於願意犧牲這一些 對吧?
然而今天我們為什麼不願犧牲
乃至只有一餐的口腹之欲?
更何況素食也不難吃啊
你們今天吃吃看也不會太難吃
我看大部份都吃完了
是不是這樣子啊
那為什麼?
為什麼你不願意這樣?
你號稱萬物之靈
你都可以懂得為這個家庭
你所愛而犧牲好多
現在你為什麼不為眾生之愛
以及自己的一切自我之愛
以及對這個社會國家乃至於整個地球之愛
你只不過稍微轉換一下
你既有的口腹之欲而已
你不願意做
這樣叫做萬物之靈嗎?
所以我在想很多的情況你可以說by pass就過去了
反正也沒有人說我犯罪
是啊 當然可以這樣
可是身為知識份子
他之所以得到知識份子的名稱
是因為社會給他更多學習的機會
為他投注了更多的教育資糧
他們當然就更有責任
去想到一般人想不到的
他當然就更有責任去過一種
一般人甚至於不知道要過的更加自利利人的生活
這不就才叫知識份子嗎?
不然什麼叫知識份子?
知識份子只是拿知識來壓榨別人
這叫知識份子嗎?
拿知識來賺取更多的錢
享受你自己更多
這樣叫知識份子嗎?
當然不是的
我們受了多少國家特別的教育
你的爸爸賺了很多錢也投注在我們自己身上
去補習 去怎麼樣子
甚至於諸位都很可能就是
台北、台中、台南 那種頂尖的高中來的
對不對?
大概也都是頂尖的好老師
把你們在補習班或者在教室裡給教出來的
對不對?
你們也都跟一堆頂尖的同學做同學
然後才台 清 交 成
這樣一路考下來才在今天坐在這兒
對不對?
如果諸位坐在這裡的人都不意味到
自己今天所受之於社會的更多
我們要為自己找尋到更清淨高尚的生活
勇敢地走出這種更高尚的生活
如果我們都還不這樣想
你想想看這個台灣還有什麼未來?
這個人類的所謂知識
能夠真正給人類什麼?
如果知識只是一種單純的
取得自己欲望的手段而已
知識還有什麼樣高超 高貴的價值呢?
他跟去學種田本質上 基本上一樣
當然種田也是很高貴的
我說他跟去做一個壞人去學壞的伎倆
去做你嘴裡所說犯罪的事
在本質上差別有多大呢?
如果知識只是來幫助你更鞏固那個自私
更滿足你的私欲而已
你在這個社會上所獲得的知識
如果只是這樣而已
你想想看什麼叫做知識份子那有意義嗎?
所以我在想這就是
這樣以上這一小段話
就是菩薩的內行
就是菩薩的內行
他不能夠則有則無......
他完全責無旁貸的
他要去利益
因為他看到了這生命的本質
解脫的本質
他知道一切眾生都有這個解脫的本質
這就是所謂的「佛」
「解脫」名為「佛」
都有這個本質 是一切人都有
你信跟不信都有
這樣講好了 金子可以做成馬桶
結果都在裝那個排泄物
金子也可以做成聖像給人家頂禮膜拜
這個本質是一樣的金
可是造作的過程不同呢
作用不同
人跟佛在本質上都有覺悟的金子做為本質
可是呢 造作的不同
所以人呢 他只是運用自私造作自己
所以名為人
佛 盡量...
佛 不是盡量
佛是完全的超越了人的自私
完成了究竟的覺悟
所以名為佛
可是這個金子的本質
並不因為它是佛聖像 或者是馬桶
而金子有變
沒有
換句話說 諸位啊
即便我講完這些話 你們也吃完這頓飯了
然後呢 還是不信佛
我no care
你懂我意思嗎? 沒關係
因為你的覺悟本性仍然在
那不是佛陀賜給你的
也不是你信或不信它有或無的
不是
是你本來就會存在的
那也不是你倒楣被掛上去這個覺悟的
也不是
是你生命本來就有的
我們怎麼看呢 我們說
你看生命有自我感
生命有那種慈悲 不忍人之苦
生命有一種 做了傷害別人事情的時候
內在有愧疚感
生命有一種想要讓自己更自在一點
讓自己更沒有恐懼一點的這種自我感
有嗎? 有沒有
你一定有對不對
希望這次的考試能夠all pass
希望我的女朋友真實的有真心的跟我交往
哦 不對
應該說希望我的男朋友真心的跟我交往
那我覺得這樣子才有安全感
男生長的帥不帥不重要
給人有安全感更加重要
有些女生就這樣想她就覺得這樣找
你看你是不是都很自然不用人家教
你就會有這種內在的渴望跟期望
對不對? 這就是覺性的來源
諸位相信我
這就是覺性的本質
他一定有這個
那當你知道了你有這個覺性的時候呢
你就會瞭解一切眾生也有
那為什麼我不去導引他呢?
這就是身為一個菩薩他的想法
所以菩薩有點像我剛剛講那個知識份子的自我感
自我承擔跟自我的要求
這種自我要求其實它也不算是要求
他是從內心裡油然生起的
不是誰規定你要這樣做的
我常常在facebook上面寫
我說一個覺悟的人喔
他素食是因為他根本吃不下眾生的肉
他不是說因為誰規定了他不能吃眾生肉
不是這樣
是他油然的
就好像你會不會啃你自己最愛的人的骨肉
拿刀子殺他 不會啊
你自然就不會嘛
就有這種感覺
有這種推己及人的感覺
剩下來我們一點點時間
你們反正也吃飽了喔
我要好好地回答一些你們的問題喔
也不算回答啦
我就是說 給大家一點...
這個這樣交流的機會喔
(同學有沒有問題要請教師父的)
立刻問的也可以喔
大體上剛有幾個重要的問題呢
我就已經在演講當中跟大家講過了喔
佛教到底是不是悲觀的?
佛教一直在講苦是不是悲觀?
我剛剛已經講了 ok 不是的
它只是在告訴你說有這個病症
你倒也不必要無苦強說苦
是有這個意思
然後再來關於素食的事情喔
我想我已經講了很多了
也就是基於健康的啦
基於環保的啦 或者人性意識的
或者一般人講「人道意志」的
我們都已經有說了喔
那麼這些......
來了 那有人要問楊老師
我想楊老師他平常會講到這個事情
或許這就是問
你們問楊老師的就是問你們自己的
他這裡問了一句話很好 他說
學佛之後在生活上 身心上對於...
老師您呢 有什麼樣子的影響?
以及學「佛學」
在生活中做為一種什麼樣的角色?
我在想你們之所以要問也不過就是問說
佛教也會作為你的什麼樣的角色?
這個問題看起來是短短的 但是很有意思
也很可以發揮
也就是說佛教對我們生命裡頭
到底形成一個什麼樣子的意思
我剛剛全部講完了 對不對?
全部大概講過一遍了
可是真正遇到生活的時候
到底佛教它的影子在哪裡?
什麼叫做生活?
生活無關乎是學業
家庭生活
婚姻生活
感情生活 事業
無非就是這一些嘛 是不是?
這叫生活 或者你自己的享樂生活
或者休閒生活
生活大概就是這幾類 工作、休閒
家庭、感情 、事業互動的等等
無非就是這一些對吧
我告訴諸位
佛教應該深入到你生活中所有的一切
那他用什麼方法 生活的一切?
嗯... 這個林慶台
他是個牧師很有意思喔
他演那個賽德克巴萊的那個什麼
莫那魯道中年
他現在很紅
因為他那個長相就讓人感覺很酷
ok
然後他在那個... 那個電影
在那個什麼威尼斯是吧? 還是哪裡?
他那個時候是人家幫他翻譯
他講的是中文 那我有看到
他說當時人家找到他去演的時候 他非常害怕
他說從來沒演過戲
然後呢 居然還被選上做主角
哇 這事情很大條 那他非常害怕
他好幾次要跟魏導說不要 找別人好不好?
後來 注意聽啊
後來我把這個角色交給了上帝
好 ok
然後呢 一切就迎刃解決了
諸位這是在佛教來看喔
這是一個方法
佛教有時候也會告訴你皈依有四種
其中有一個叫做「完全依靠」
也是這樣沒有錯 他就是依靠佛
依靠佛菩薩的慈悲的導引
這樣子是對的
那但是呢 我剛剛說過
有時候你不會動用到這樣的時候
佛教會是什麼?
佛教應該在你的生活當中
形成了一切選擇 抉擇的標準
也就是當你要......
譬如說這樣講好了
當你譬如說感情啦、吃飯啦
生活啦 要不要作弊啦
這些都算你生活中的一部份
那麼呢 考試要怎麼應付啦
要跟誰做朋友
做朋友要做到什麼樣子的程度
這些的都要去問說
身為一個佛教的信仰者
你不要講佛教徒就是信仰者
他應該怎麼跟人家講話
他對待感情應不應該...
講忠貞之外是不是應該要坦誠
坦誠有時候比忠貞更重要
但是忠貞也很重要
忠貞跟坦誠是二個合併的東西
這我會留在這個長榮大學的時候
他們同學一直要問「關於愛情」
那好 我那時候會跟他們談一談
那個時候會談到
你們再上網看就好了
然後呢 藉著這一些
這些都是屬於佛教
你要依著它去做的
換句話說過度的自私
它會不會是佛教容許的愛情呢?
只是想要擁有
而不知道對方的感覺
這算不算你心目中認為的偉大的愛情呢
那麼愛情對待對方的感覺
到底原因起於自己內在的渴望
期望 主觀的期望呢
還是也要有一定的配合
這個配合要配合到對方為重? 還是我自己為重?
很多女生會認為是對方為重
我告訴妳恰恰好相反
妳嘴裡講得對方為重 恰好只是手段
重點在以妳為重
妳懂嗎?
可能妳還不懂
沒關係 你還太年輕 未來你就會懂了
譬如說這個意思
那像舉凡這一類
通通是基於一個 佛教的慈悲、平等、覺性
跟你能夠承認一條狗、一隻豬自我價值的時候
你怎麼能會不去承認 不去care
你所愛的人他自身的價值
跟他本身的需要呢
你怎麼會只是在愛情市場當中
你只是予取予求於你的需要呢
所以你看看吃素能夠幫助你正確地談戀愛
跟正確地分手
我告訴你喔
上台靠機會 下台......
上台靠機會 是下台靠智慧
你要知道
談戀愛容易分手難呢
你懂嗎?
結婚很容易都是歡歡喜喜的
那個離婚才恐怖呢
離婚才痛苦 是吧?
可是現在的人 什麼?
現在人都常常在痛苦當中完成了什麼呢?
你的愛情的故事
那這樣是不對的
然而佛教能幫助你什麼呢?
聽聽我剛剛這樣子的回憶一下我剛剛說的
所以你們問楊老師的 我反過來問問你們
如果佛教它在你心目當中你覺得ok的話
請問它在你生活的各各處 應該是什麼?
這樣諸位瞭解嗎? 嗯...
當然了我們也可以再談一談喔
現在喔 這個......
對!有一個同學還說得很好 他說
我聽了那個人講 那個人講 都講佛法
我怎麼知道那個是佛說的 是佛陀所闡述的呢?
好像大家都說得「他的才對」
那這樣我怎麼認定?
是的 佛陀......
我能夠告訴你說
「師父說得才對啦」
你看我穿這襲衣服這樣才對
那也是種權威 不能這樣講的
所以佛陀教你怎麼認定什麼是佛法
首先他是用所謂的「法印」
嗯 「法印」
「法印」這種觀念
什麼叫「法印」?
印就是印證 就是所謂rules 條件
或者叫做 或者原則
「法的原則」
佛教「法的原則」泛泛地說
就是三種而已
世間無常 諸法無我 涅槃寂靜
就是這樣而已
所謂無常就是指什麼呢
就是一切都是因因果果 因緣組成
因會變 因會隨著時間而變
那什麼樣呢 果就會隨著時間而變
所以果在變 那一切無常現象就沒有恆常
「諸法無常」 所以沒有一個恆常的
然後呢 「無我」
怎麼講? 因為一切的存在跟發生
包括人的存在呢 他是什麼
他是由因緣組合而成的
他看起來有一個我
那是一個短暫組合的我
最後再講到「寂滅為樂」
這寂滅就是指消除了這種無常的執取
對於自我愛的執取之後
你這樣內心裡是一種不生不滅的寂靜狀態
這名為「涅槃快樂」
這才是真正究竟的快樂
他是談這三樣 這三樣當然太深了
以後未來我想老師還會再跟你提一提
現在不宜介入那麼深
可是我可以回答你的問題就是說
像這樣三個條件建立了
任何一個老師 任何一本書
所說得道理如果與這個相違
那麼不名為佛說
如果與這個相合
哪怕是一個外道
基督教徒神父、修女說的
也可以接受它是佛的道理 這樣懂了嗎?
所以你不用擔心聽誰的才是對的
是聽你自己依著這樣子的觀念
也就是因果輪迴 這樣子的觀念
無常還有涅槃寂靜
就是消除了這樣子的執取相
跟因果的什麼呢
執著相、貪愛相
只要消除了
無常它還存在喔
可是你消除對它的執取相
那麼就是一種涅槃寂靜
你體會到這個道理
並且聽懂他所說符合這個道理 那就是佛說
再來喔
有人問一個很有意思問題
欸 如果你遇到山難
那動物你吃不吃啊 還活不活得下去?
首先除非那顆山連一棵樹也沒有 如果萬一呢?
可是那顆山一棵樹一根草也沒有 我看會有動物嗎?
我看也不會有動物吧
是不是這樣子啊
所以說如果有動物的山 應該也會有樹有草
那個時候可能他會先試著吃草根
先試著吃草... 嗯 就是說植物
植物先試著吃
他怎麼吃呢? 他會看
他會看那個蟲跟動物怎麼吃 他會跟著吃
就是這樣而已...
那如果受到攻擊 他自不自我保護呢
他要自我保護 但是不是用殺死牠來保護
你可以逃 你可以嚇唬牠啊
對 你可以念經感化牠啊
都有好多方法 懂意思嗎?
所以說當然不是用這種
如果說一隻餓虎撲羊那樣向你撲過來
怎麼樣子呢
嗯 這確實是的
那到底是要幫助自己還是要殺了牠呢
還是說只要唬牠就好
我在想應該是你做不到犧牲你自己的話
那你只好唬牠就可以
你不需要拿槍把牠弄死
我想這是佛教裡頭的觀念
那如果真的也不行呢
你要是問到這樣 這種極端的情況的話
一個真正修行好的出家人
我也期待我能這樣 那是犧牲自己
它的教義是這樣
嗯不 不是教義
它教導你 你自然會這樣
那你如果還沒到這樣 就是你還得再修
這樣瞭解嗎?
為什麼?因為他知道那是因果嘛
「因果」
那你會覺得說 : 喔 因果
那這樣的話做佛教徒就是永遠被傷害的
都不能夠努力的
錯了 那叫做機械性因果?
不對喔 那叫宿命性因果?
不是的 佛教不是這麼講
佛教講得因果是指說
我盡了一切努力我還是會受傷 那就是因果了
我已經盡了一切努力
所以老虎來了我還是唬牠 我拿石頭砸牠
可以 我們把牠弄死吧 我跑給牠追啊
最後通通搞不過就是被牠咬死了
那這樣子叫做「因緣果報」
懂這意思嗎?
那所以你不能這樣講
啊 沒辦法呢 我遇到她了
那是我過去的老婆 我一定要劈腿
呵呵 沒有這種話
沒有這種話 你懂嗎?
因為... 嗯
牠一直來咬你
你還是可以拿石頭丟牠啊
你可以念咒唬牠 我剛不是講了嗎?
你盡了努力了嗎?
我努力了啊
我努力 但是我還是逃不過
那是因果 所以沒有辦法
如果你老婆有對你這樣講
如果妳老公也對妳這樣講
你也接受 那你儘管這樣幹
不可能
很多情況是因為我們有1才有2
愛情這種東西不是突然間的
即便是第一眼就看對眼了
也不會立刻怎麼樣
他都是一直放一直放
這裡頭已經有好多好多出賣心靈的事了
這就是你平常要把佛法聽進去
你要知道平等
你要知道惡因
你要知道究竟的快樂
不會在這種......
這種不忠誠當中得到
你要知道 你就會停住
懂嗎?
你一定能成佛的
你都能覺悟的 你都一定能成佛
你怎麼連這個你都抗拒不了呢?
這叫誘惑 懂嗎?
好 那麼今天呢
跟大家講到這裡
這就是大乘佛法在這個社會上面
可以面臨這麼廣泛的價值
從素食 從社會的祥和
從剛剛最後我講的面對你自己的誘惑
你都能夠超越
是因為你看到了一切眾生的苦難相
你願意為一切眾生的苦難相而努力自己
成就自己跟別人
這樣子的大乘心
這樣子的菩薩念
所以你努力了
因此你對待自己的力量就會更加的強大
那我期望於未來啊
諸位做一個知識份子
能夠有這麼強大的善的心力在你心中
這就是大乘佛法的價值我們今天講到這裡
(好 今天謝謝 法藏 法師)